{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125698930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.042712.110061a","title":"Amplify-and-Forward Relaying with M-FSK Modulation and Coherent Detection","display_name":"Amplify-and-Forward Relaying with M-FSK Modulation and Coherent Detection","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125698930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.042712.110061a","mag":"2125698930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2012.042712.110061a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.042712.110061a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635655","display_name":"Ha H. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-0422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141097","display_name":"T\u00e2n T\u1ea1o University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q6f0894","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141097"]}],"countries":["CA","VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. X. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SAS, Canada","School of Engineering, Tan Tao University, Longan, Vietnam","Sch. of Eng., Tan Tao Univ., Tan Duc E City, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SAS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Tan Tao University, Longan, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Eng., Tan Tao Univ., Tan Duc E City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635655","display_name":"Ha H. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-0422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141097","display_name":"T\u00e2n T\u1ea1o University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q6f0894","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141097"]}],"countries":["CA","VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. H. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SAS, Canada","School of Engineering, Tan Tao University, Longan, Vietnam","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SAS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Tan Tao University, Longan, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026464766","display_name":"Tho Le\u2010Ngoc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-8894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tho Le-Ngoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100635655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721","https://openalex.org/I4210141097"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84420765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"6","first_page":"1555","last_page":"1562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-shift-keying","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","score":0.8955289125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.614503800868988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5842653512954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5497397780418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5279820561408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5273590683937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5088313221931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5070593357086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5020027160644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.5000848770141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.48195740580558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4478696584701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.44647374749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.4342797100543976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3630303144454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3364441394805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.33335208892822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2120734453201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10169410705566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09793952107429504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.8955289125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.614503800868988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5842653512954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5497397780418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5279820561408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5273590683937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5088313221931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5070593357086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5020027160644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.5000848770141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.48195740580558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4478696584701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44647374749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.4342797100543976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3630303144454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3364441394805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.33335208892822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2120734453201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10169410705566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09793952107429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2012.042712.110061a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.042712.110061a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.724.920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.724.920","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://homepage.usask.ca/%7Ehxn201/papers/J9.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1605977042","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1965646839","https://openalex.org/W2026898705","https://openalex.org/W2033529003","https://openalex.org/W2048847725","https://openalex.org/W2102467335","https://openalex.org/W2107901485","https://openalex.org/W2109056350","https://openalex.org/W2113415377","https://openalex.org/W2117075207","https://openalex.org/W2125797984","https://openalex.org/W2125889125","https://openalex.org/W2130347036","https://openalex.org/W2148963518","https://openalex.org/W2152121970","https://openalex.org/W2153779669","https://openalex.org/W2156326494","https://openalex.org/W2157571428","https://openalex.org/W2162184199","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W6678818777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2537932844","https://openalex.org/W2040451141","https://openalex.org/W2023235564","https://openalex.org/W2383799194","https://openalex.org/W2364540838","https://openalex.org/W4290710600","https://openalex.org/W2529335802","https://openalex.org/W1999832527","https://openalex.org/W2391442751","https://openalex.org/W2539294865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"develops":[2],"a":[3,51,125],"detection":[4,57,72],"scheme":[5,111],"based":[6],"on":[7,138],"the":[8,27,30,42,45,55,59,62,65,68,75,80,85,89,93,99,109,115,134,139],"implicit":[9,81],"pilot-symbol-assisted":[10],"architecture":[11],"of":[12,29,98],"M-ary":[13],"frequency-shift-keying":[14],"(FSK)":[15],"modulation":[16],"in":[17,35,124],"amplify-and-forward":[18],"(AF)":[19],"multiple-relay":[20],"networks.":[21],"It":[22],"is":[23,103],"shown":[24],"that,":[25],"at":[26,92],"expense":[28],"low":[31],"spectral":[32],"efficiency":[33],"inherent":[34],"FSK":[36],"modulation,":[37],"every":[38],"transmitted":[39],"symbol":[40],"from":[41,64,79],"source":[43,66],"to":[44,70,120],"destination":[46,60],"can":[47,112],"be":[48],"used":[49],"as":[50],"pilot":[52,82],"symbol.":[53],"In":[54],"proposed":[56,110,122],"scheme,":[58],"combines":[61],"signals":[63],"and":[67],"relays":[69],"perform":[71],"by":[73],"using":[74],"estimated":[76],"channels":[77],"obtained":[78,135],"symbols.":[83],"Using":[84],"Gaussian":[86],"approximation":[87],"for":[88],"effective":[90],"noise":[91],"destination,":[94],"an":[95],"upper":[96,136],"bound":[97,137],"approximated":[100,140],"bit-error-rate":[101],"(BER)":[102],"provided.":[104],"Simulation":[105],"results":[106,131],"reveal":[107],"that":[108],"significantly":[113],"improve":[114],"BER":[116],"performance":[117],"when":[118],"compared":[119],"previously":[121],"schemes":[123],"temporally-correlated":[126],"fading":[127],"environment.":[128],"The":[129],"simulation":[130],"also":[132],"verify":[133],"BER.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}