{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107959360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2002.1006557","title":"Turbo equalization: principles and new results","display_name":"Turbo equalization: principles and new results","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107959360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2002.1006557","mag":"2107959360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2002.1006557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2002.1006557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032833267","display_name":"M. T\u00fcchler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Tuchler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Engineering, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany","Inst. for Commun. Eng., Tech. Univ. of Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. for Commun. Eng., Tech. Univ. of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000238160","display_name":"R. Koetter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Koetter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028083945","display_name":"Andrew C. Singer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9926-7036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.C. Singer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":74.8238,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1215,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99985095,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"5","first_page":"754","last_page":"767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-equalizer","display_name":"Turbo equalizer","score":0.7841384410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.7741998434066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7455494403839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo","display_name":"Turbo","score":0.7164158821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.7033266425132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code","display_name":"Convolutional code","score":0.6877620816230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6693445444107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trellis","display_name":"Trellis (graph)","score":0.6346873044967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code","display_name":"Turbo code","score":0.5800970196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5798184275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5267555117607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48956403136253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.47993355989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3537447154521942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.2867478132247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23892024159431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13663652539253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.12973973155021667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12232224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7853840","display_name":"Turbo equalizer","level":5,"score":0.7841384410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.7741998434066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7455494403839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138513","display_name":"Turbo","level":2,"score":0.7164158821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.7033266425132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.6877620816230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6693445444107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838009","display_name":"Trellis (graph)","level":3,"score":0.6346873044967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114504821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281","display_name":"Turbo code","level":3,"score":0.5800970196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5798184275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5267555117607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48956403136253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.47993355989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3537447154521942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.2867478132247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23892024159431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13663652539253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.12973973155021667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2002.1006557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2002.1006557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61728214","https://openalex.org/W244370435","https://openalex.org/W1486622475","https://openalex.org/W1494234128","https://openalex.org/W1497154406","https://openalex.org/W1511430383","https://openalex.org/W1562979145","https://openalex.org/W1585818881","https://openalex.org/W1590772317","https://openalex.org/W2045407304","https://openalex.org/W2080918425","https://openalex.org/W2084277821","https://openalex.org/W2095769235","https://openalex.org/W2097682410","https://openalex.org/W2101394529","https://openalex.org/W2101617851","https://openalex.org/W2102089335","https://openalex.org/W2102251435","https://openalex.org/W2103374230","https://openalex.org/W2106854791","https://openalex.org/W2108656301","https://openalex.org/W2109489513","https://openalex.org/W2112410207","https://openalex.org/W2115802868","https://openalex.org/W2119399057","https://openalex.org/W2119411189","https://openalex.org/W2121606987","https://openalex.org/W2123373172","https://openalex.org/W2131086249","https://openalex.org/W2145703755","https://openalex.org/W2145714519","https://openalex.org/W2146674400","https://openalex.org/W2149789031","https://openalex.org/W2149910803","https://openalex.org/W2159059820","https://openalex.org/W2160668024","https://openalex.org/W2161001955","https://openalex.org/W2162060693","https://openalex.org/W2168862745","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2612977707","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2912870077","https://openalex.org/W2987657883","https://openalex.org/W3133603318","https://openalex.org/W4238850004","https://openalex.org/W4245539193","https://openalex.org/W4248676392","https://openalex.org/W4251263169","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4391047788","https://openalex.org/W6609347613","https://openalex.org/W6629088153","https://openalex.org/W6629804864","https://openalex.org/W6630607823","https://openalex.org/W6861062474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032765854","https://openalex.org/W2114971370","https://openalex.org/W2124621688","https://openalex.org/W1983993127","https://openalex.org/W2163697103","https://openalex.org/W2125510906","https://openalex.org/W2165493279","https://openalex.org/W2123824335","https://openalex.org/W2141470122","https://openalex.org/W2160228980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,72],"study":[1],"the":[2,16,25,34,43,50,93,96,102,119,131,135],"turbo":[3,123],"equalization":[4,60,78,124],"approach":[5],"to":[6,76,101],"coded":[7],"data":[8,26],"transmission":[9],"over":[10],"channels":[11],"with":[12,83,125],"intersymbol":[13],"interference.":[14],"In":[15],"original":[17],"system":[18,127],"invented":[19],"by":[20,29],"Douillard":[21],"et":[22],"al.":[23],"(1995),":[24],"are":[27],"protected":[28],"a":[30],"convolutional":[31],"code":[32,51],"and":[33,47,61,87],"receiver":[35],"consists":[36],"of":[37,95,118],"two":[38],"trellis-based":[39,103],"detectors,":[40],"one":[41,48],"for":[42,49,122],"channel":[44,132],"(the":[45,52],"equalizer)":[46],"decoder).":[53],"It":[54],"has":[55],"been":[56],"shown":[57],"that":[58,92],"iterating":[59],"decoding":[62],"tasks":[63],"can":[64],"yield":[65],"tremendous":[66],"improvements":[67],"in":[68,109],"bit":[69],"error":[70],"rate.":[71],"introduce":[73],"new":[74,97],"approaches":[75,98],"combining":[77],"based":[79],"on":[80],"linear":[81],"filtering,":[82],"decoding..":[84],"Through":[85],"simulation":[86],"analytical":[88],"results,":[89],"we":[90],"show":[91],"performance":[94],"is":[99],"similar":[100],"receiver,":[104],"while":[105],"providing":[106],"large":[107],"savings":[108],"computational":[110],"complexity.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"this":[113],"paper":[114],"provides":[115],"an":[116],"overview":[117],"design":[120],"alternatives":[121],"given":[126],"parameters,":[128],"such":[129],"as":[130],"response":[133],"or":[134],"signal-to-noise":[136],"ratio.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":64}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}