{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028982652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1987.1096716","title":"Distributed Antennas for Indoor Radio Communications","display_name":"Distributed Antennas for Indoor Radio Communications","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028982652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1987.1096716","mag":"2028982652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1987.1096716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1987.1096716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052156704","display_name":"A.A.M. Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8245-1136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.A.M. Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crawford Hill Laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA","AT&T Bell Laboratories, holmdel, NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crawford Hill Laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, holmdel, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001686564","display_name":"A.J. Rustako","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Rustako","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crawford Hill Laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA","[Crawford Hill laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crawford Hill Laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Crawford Hill laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067577364","display_name":"Rodrigo Rom\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Roman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crawford Hill Laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA","[Crawford Hill laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crawford Hill Laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Crawford Hill laboratory, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052156704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587","https://openalex.org/I72090969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":517,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93696895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"12","first_page":"1245","last_page":"1251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.8110818862915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6219536066055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.5712605118751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5374025106430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.49533167481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.4819174110889435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.48052605986595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4721498489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.47157803177833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4553343653678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Time division multiple access","score":0.4449983537197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.4436100721359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34963834285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.29513227939605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2295372486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15016517043113708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.8110818862915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6219536066055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.5712605118751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5374025106430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.49533167481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.4819174110889435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.48052605986595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4721498489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47157803177833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4553343653678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117313154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878344","display_name":"Time division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.4449983537197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.4436100721359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34963834285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.29513227939605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2295372486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15016517043113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1987.1096716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1987.1096716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38613265","https://openalex.org/W1981631654","https://openalex.org/W2077947790","https://openalex.org/W2087169620","https://openalex.org/W2112836069","https://openalex.org/W2137324530","https://openalex.org/W2143832164","https://openalex.org/W2163363194","https://openalex.org/W2170435302","https://openalex.org/W2527471448","https://openalex.org/W3150083124","https://openalex.org/W4253481607","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6728038590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121800375","https://openalex.org/W2160222453","https://openalex.org/W2362971132","https://openalex.org/W2020063395","https://openalex.org/W2371687215","https://openalex.org/W1521875845","https://openalex.org/W4386450762","https://openalex.org/W2117591691","https://openalex.org/W1605438912","https://openalex.org/W2073046523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"idea":[1],"of":[2,31,68,73,202,226],"implementing":[3],"an":[4,10,21,97],"indoor":[5,28,69],"radio":[6,70],"communications":[7],"system":[8,133],"serving":[9],"entire":[11],"building":[12,87,118],"from":[13,96,129],"a":[14,41,130,135,177,199],"single":[15],"central":[16],"antenna":[17,98,132],"appears":[18,44],"to":[19,45,48,52,156,176,211,213],"be":[20,46,193],"attractive":[22],"proposition.":[23],"However,":[24],"based":[25],"on":[26],"various":[27],"propagation":[29,71],"measurements":[30,72,183],"the":[32,36,66,80,84,86,114,117,143,148,159,165,182,189,205,224],"signal":[33,75,173,190],"attenuation":[34,174,191],"and":[35,51,59,104,172,204,235],"multipath":[37,169],"delay":[38,170,207],"spread,":[39],"such":[40],"centralized":[42,178],"approach":[43,146],"limited":[47,57,210],"small":[49,92],"buildings":[50],"narrow-band":[53],"FDMA-type":[54],"systems":[55,230],"with":[56,105,186],"reliability":[58],"flexibility.":[60],"In":[61,83,113],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64],"present":[65],"results":[67],"two":[74],"distribution":[76],"approaches":[77],"that":[78,138,153,231],"improve":[79],"picture":[81],"dramatically.":[82],"first,":[85],"is":[88,119,154],"divided":[89,120],"into":[90,121],"many":[91],"cells,":[93,126],"each":[94,127],"served":[95,128],"located":[99],"in":[100,109,158,168,217],"its":[101,140],"own":[102],"center,":[103],"adjacent":[106],"cells":[107],"operating":[108],"different":[110],"frequency":[111,149],"bands.":[112],"second":[115],"approach,":[116,161,188],"one":[122],"or":[123,134],"more":[124],"large":[125,218],"distributed":[131],"\"leaky":[136],"feeder\"":[137],"winds":[139],"way":[141],"through":[142],"hallways.":[144],"This":[145,220],"eliminates":[147],"cell":[150],"handoff":[151],"problem":[152],"bound":[155],"exist":[157],"first":[160],"while":[162],"still":[163],"preserving":[164],"dramatic":[166],"reductions":[167],"spread":[171,208],"compared":[175],"system.":[179],"For":[180],"example,":[181],"show":[184],"that,":[185],"either":[187],"can":[192,221],"reduced":[194],"by":[195],"as":[196,198],"much":[197],"few":[200],"tens":[201],"decibels":[203],"rms":[206],"becomes":[209],"20":[212],"50":[214],"us,":[215],"even":[216],"buildings.":[219],"make":[222],"possible":[223],"implementation":[225],"sophisticated":[227],"broad-band":[228],"TDMA-type":[229],"are":[232],"flexible,":[233],"robust,":[234],"virtually":[236],"building-independent.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":47}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}