{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108775885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1980.1094628","title":"A Digital Approach to Symbol Timing Recovery Systems","display_name":"A Digital Approach to Symbol Timing Recovery Systems","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108775885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1980.1094628","mag":"2108775885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1980.1094628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1980.1094628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026464766","display_name":"Tho Le\u2010Ngoc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-8894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tho Le-Ngoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["SPAR AeroSpace Products Limited, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QUE, Canada","University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPAR AeroSpace Products Limited, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109092081","display_name":"K. Feher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Feher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026464766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71615517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"12","first_page":"1993","last_page":"1999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.567861020565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-pass-filter","display_name":"Band-pass filter","score":0.5669015049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5568806529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5207086205482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol-rate","display_name":"Symbol rate","score":0.5007781982421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4597248435020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4373822510242462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4314281642436981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4210279881954193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.41097813844680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3812413811683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32273775339126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16953328251838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13560128211975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.12000113725662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11782154440879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.10914820432662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09059977531433105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.567861020565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.5669015049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5568806529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5207086205482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74645175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428083","display_name":"Symbol rate","level":4,"score":0.5007781982421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4597248435020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4373822510242462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4314281642436981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4210279881954193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.41097813844680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3812413811683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32273775339126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16953328251838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13560128211975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.12000113725662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11782154440879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.10914820432662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09059977531433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1980.1094628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1980.1094628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506304067","https://openalex.org/W1635331037","https://openalex.org/W1975800378","https://openalex.org/W2016548316","https://openalex.org/W2036632586","https://openalex.org/W2053652047","https://openalex.org/W2111351108","https://openalex.org/W2120709952","https://openalex.org/W2127757471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360861688","https://openalex.org/W3134930219","https://openalex.org/W984417604","https://openalex.org/W2967785526","https://openalex.org/W2065391525","https://openalex.org/W4318711045","https://openalex.org/W2151251192","https://openalex.org/W1993045784","https://openalex.org/W2249033211","https://openalex.org/W2113001378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"analysis":[1],"of":[2,16,37,51,65,71,82,139,150],"a":[3,35],"symbol":[4,23,128],"timing":[5,129],"recovery":[6],"(STR)":[7],"technique":[8,144],"using":[9],"digital":[10],"processing":[11],"is":[12,32,41,75,111,123],"presented.":[13],"The":[14,69,142],"ratio":[15,46,110],"the":[17,22,27,48,52,63,66,72,79,83,89,100,108,127,134,140,148],"discrete":[18],"spectral":[19,30],"power":[20,31,45,109],"at":[21],"rate":[24],"frequency":[25],"to":[26,94,125],"nearby":[28],"continuous":[29],"used":[33],"as":[34],"criterion":[36],"STR":[38,73,143,160],"performance.":[39],"It":[40],"shown":[42],"that":[43,57,99],"this":[44],"equals":[47],"quality":[49,80],"factor":[50,81],"narrow":[53],"bandpass":[54,84],"filter":[55,85],"and":[56,136,153],"it":[58],"does":[59],"not":[60],"depend":[61],"on":[62,107],"value":[64],"delay":[67],"element.":[68],"performance":[70,138],"subsystem":[74],"consequently":[76],"determined":[77],"by":[78,88],"rather":[86],"than":[87],"specific":[90],"delay.":[91],"In":[92],"addition":[93],"this,":[95],"some":[96],"experimental":[97],"evidence":[98],"additive":[101],"channel":[102],"noise":[103],"has":[104,147],"little":[105],"effect":[106],"given.":[112],"A":[113],"modified":[114],"phase-locked":[115],"loop":[116],"with":[117],"an":[118],"<tex":[119],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">LC</tex>":[121],"prefiiter":[122],"proposed":[124],"extract":[126],"clock.":[130],"This":[131],"prefilter":[132],"improves":[133],"acquisition":[135],"synchronization":[137],"PLL.":[141],"presented":[145],"here":[146],"advantages":[149],"lower":[151],"cost":[152],"simpler":[154],"hardware":[155],"implementation":[156],"over":[157],"other":[158],"serial":[159],"techniques.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
