{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116178394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1979.1094380","title":"A Class of Distribution-Free Detectors for Pulse Amplitude Modulated Signals","display_name":"A Class of Distribution-Free Detectors for Pulse Amplitude Modulated Signals","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116178394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1979.1094380","mag":"2116178394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1979.1094380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1979.1094380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112579711","display_name":"M. Arozullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196883781","display_name":"Clarkson College","ror":"https://ror.org/03vkpnc84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196883781"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Arozullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196883781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080830599","display_name":"S. Abuskhairoon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196883781","display_name":"Clarkson College","ror":"https://ror.org/03vkpnc84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196883781"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Abuskhairoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196883781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112579711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196883781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27650728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"478","last_page":"482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.6564122438430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.6371930837631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5997113585472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5993223190307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.567180335521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5473771095275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.5407974123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-filter","display_name":"Matched filter","score":0.5072585940361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48400089144706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.4786628186702728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-spectral-density","display_name":"Noise spectral density","score":0.4594185948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4301197826862335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.4218590557575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25542184710502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22833693027496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"Noise figure","score":0.15713798999786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.153095543384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1359531581401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11925962567329407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.6564122438430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.6371930837631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5997113585472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5993223190307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.567180335521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5473771095275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.5407974123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.5072585940361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48400089144706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4786628186702728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133976006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023291","display_name":"Noise spectral density","level":5,"score":0.4594185948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4301197826862335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.4218590557575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25542184710502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22833693027496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.15713798999786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.153095543384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1359531581401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11925962567329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1979.1094380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1979.1094380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W654214611","https://openalex.org/W1491559484","https://openalex.org/W1577906631","https://openalex.org/W1998257313","https://openalex.org/W2111486715","https://openalex.org/W2120062331","https://openalex.org/W2136622520","https://openalex.org/W2295369300","https://openalex.org/W2986057930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974392290","https://openalex.org/W1911817635","https://openalex.org/W2353656796","https://openalex.org/W2011915004","https://openalex.org/W1967187784","https://openalex.org/W2130974430","https://openalex.org/W2074565401","https://openalex.org/W2242778450","https://openalex.org/W3103566292","https://openalex.org/W1607924090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,69],"class":[1],"of":[2,18,26,34,36,76,89,94,104,110,114,117,126,136,161,168,173,175,193],"distribution-free":[3],"detectors":[4],"for":[5,85,148],"<tex":[6],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[7],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">M</tex>":[8],"-ary":[9],"pulse":[10],"amplitude":[11],"modulated":[12],"digital":[13],"signals":[14],"in":[15,32,45,141],"the":[16,65,74,86,96,115,118,124,127,132,157,194],"presence":[17],"certain":[19,57],"signal":[20,139],"dependent":[21],"interference":[22],"and":[23,38,60,91,156,186],"additive":[24],"noise":[25,49,119,128,144],"unknown":[27,52],"distribution":[28,50,120],"is":[29,51,67,80,112,145,163,180,189],"formulated,":[30],"evaluated":[31,182],"terms":[33],"probability":[35,88,103,109,160,172],"error":[37,90,105,111,162,174],"compared":[39],"to":[40],"a":[41,77,92,137,166,176,187],"matched":[42,177],"filter":[43,178],"detector":[44,179],"Gaussian":[46,143],"noise.":[47],"The":[48,108,150],"except":[53],"that":[54,61,100,192],"it":[55],"satisfies":[56],"broad":[58],"assumptions":[59],"its":[62],"value":[63,75,125],"at":[64,131],"median":[66],"known.":[68],"decision":[70,98,152],"method":[71,93],"based":[72],"on":[73,123],"test":[78],"statistic":[79],"developed.":[81],"An":[82,134],"analytical":[83],"expression":[84],"average":[87,159],"calculating":[95],"optimum":[97,151],"thresholds":[99,153],"minimize":[101],"this":[102],"are":[106,154],"presented.":[107],"independent":[113],"form":[116],"but":[121],"depends":[122],"density":[129],"function":[130,167],"median.":[133],"example":[135],"ternary":[138],"set":[140],"white":[142],"worked":[146],"out":[147],"illustration.":[149],"calculated":[155],"resulting":[158],"plotted":[164],"as":[165],"signal-to-noise":[169],"ratio.":[170],"Average":[171],"also":[181],"under":[183],"similar":[184],"conditions":[185],"comparison":[188],"made":[190],"with":[191],"proposed":[195],"detector.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}