{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050910031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1977.1093785","title":"Atmospheric Optical Communication System","display_name":"Atmospheric Optical Communication System","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050910031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1977.1093785","mag":"2050910031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1977.1093785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1977.1093785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050580656","display_name":"Takayuki Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5523-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Bureau, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Bureau, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035869590","display_name":"Kenji Kohiyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kohiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Bureau, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Bureau, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109144186","display_name":"Katsushi Nishino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Nishino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Bureau, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Bureau, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18457402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"12","first_page":"1508","last_page":"1511"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9656999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6021410822868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.5102694034576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-diode","display_name":"Laser diode","score":0.5096054077148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49067914485931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4892590045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.44966498017311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.44219303131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4370436668395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4328967034816742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.42498332262039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.36400648951530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3335174322128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29605627059936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2563474178314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2301752269268036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6021410822868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.5102694034576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777048131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321098","display_name":"Laser diode","level":3,"score":0.5096054077148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49067914485931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4892590045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44966498017311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.44219303131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4370436668395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4328967034816742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.42498332262039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.36400648951530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3335174322128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29605627059936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2563474178314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2301752269268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1977.1093785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1977.1093785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001881550","https://openalex.org/W4307466823","https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W174954854","https://openalex.org/W2904463789","https://openalex.org/W4386214712","https://openalex.org/W1971326319","https://openalex.org/W2058928051","https://openalex.org/W2188994282","https://openalex.org/W1581377347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,21],"prototype":[1],"atmospheric":[2],"optical":[3],"communication":[4],"system":[5,22,45],"has":[6],"been":[7,14],"developed,":[8],"and":[9,19],"various":[10],"field":[11,49],"tests":[12],"have":[13],"carried":[15],"out":[16],"in":[17],"Tokyo":[18],"Niigata.":[20],"with":[23],"a":[24,29],"laser":[25],"diode":[26],"can":[27],"transmit":[28],"4-MHz":[30],"color":[31],"television":[32],"signal":[33],"or":[34],"120":[35],"telephone":[36],"channels.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"gives":[40],"an":[41],"outline":[42],"description":[43],"of":[44],"design":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48],"test":[50],"results.":[51]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}