{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148098538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093308","title":"An Experimental 50 Mb/s Fiber Optic PCM Repeater","display_name":"An Experimental 50 Mb/s Fiber Optic PCM Repeater","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148098538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093308","mag":"2148098538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1976.1093308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050975965","display_name":"Patrick Runge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7158-6385"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Runge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050975965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92950612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"413","last_page":"418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.7766180038452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.5871506333351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.5627031326293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeater","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","score":0.5442086458206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5238547325134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5134966969490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5074915289878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.502190113067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-diode","display_name":"Avalanche diode","score":0.4717355966567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-power","display_name":"Optical power","score":0.4714276194572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-diode","display_name":"Laser diode","score":0.4614374339580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.4465197026729584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.44049912691116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.39347195625305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38176706433296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37260085344314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3001975417137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakdown-voltage","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","score":0.1768665909767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1564147174358368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13166528940200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.129715234041214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.11332979798316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.08796614408493042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.7766180038452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.5871506333351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5627031326293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195545963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469803","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","level":3,"score":0.5442086458206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5238547325134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5134966969490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5074915289878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.502190113067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95341827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175898","display_name":"Avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.4717355966567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.4714276194572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777048131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321098","display_name":"Laser diode","level":3,"score":0.4614374339580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.4465197026729584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.44049912691116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.39347195625305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38176706433296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37260085344314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3001975417137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119321828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267190","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","level":3,"score":0.1768665909767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1564147174358368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13166528940200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.129715234041214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.11332979798316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.08796614408493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1976.1093308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324745772","https://openalex.org/W1975934348","https://openalex.org/W2189181247","https://openalex.org/W3175785822","https://openalex.org/W2087071651","https://openalex.org/W4321264204","https://openalex.org/W2104678293","https://openalex.org/W333970579","https://openalex.org/W2029938807","https://openalex.org/W2077917215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"experimental":[1],"repeater":[2,148],"for":[3,40,60,114],"amplification":[4],"and":[5,15,47,93],"regeneration":[6],"of":[7,58,63,77],"50":[8],"Mb/s":[9],"fiber-optical":[10],"pulses":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"built":[14],"tested.":[16],"For":[17,105],"the":[18,41,50,64,68,108],"receiver":[19],"either":[20,78],"Si":[21],"p-i-n":[22,119],"or":[23,84],"avalanche":[24,42,65,123],"photodiodes":[25],"are":[26],"used":[27],"in":[28],"conjunction":[29],"with":[30,100,134],"a":[31,79,85,97,115,132],"high":[32,38],"impedance":[33],"FET":[34],"input":[35],"amplifier.":[36],"The":[37,73,127,147],"voltage":[39],"photodiode":[43],"is":[44,56,118,139,151],"generated":[45],"internally":[46],"controlled":[48],"by":[49,96],"received":[51],"signal.":[52],"This":[53],"AGC":[54],"circuit":[55],"capable":[57],"compensating":[59],"temperature":[61],"changes":[62],"gain":[66],"over":[67],"range":[69],"of-40":[70],"-":[71],"+60\\degC.":[72],"optical":[74,91,111,128],"transmitter":[75],"consists":[76],"GaAs":[80],"light":[81],"emitting":[82],"diode":[83,88],"GaA1As":[86],"laser":[87],"coupled":[89],"to":[90],"fibers":[92],"directly":[94],"modulated":[95],"current":[98],"driver":[99],"30":[101],"percent":[102,136],"electrical":[103],"efficiency.":[104],"10-9error":[106],"rate,":[107],"required":[109],"average":[110],"signal":[112,117],"power":[113,130,149],"pseudorandom":[116],"diode:":[120,124],"-41.5":[121],"dBm;":[122,142],"-56.6":[125],"dBm.":[126,146],"output":[129],"into":[131],"fiber":[133],"1":[135],"index":[137],"difference":[138],"LED:":[140],"-17":[141],"GaAlAs":[143],"laser:":[144],"0":[145],"requirement":[150],"about":[152],"2":[153],"W.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
