{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059129646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093267","title":"New Technique for Generating and Detecting Multilevel Signal Formats","display_name":"New Technique for Generating and Detecting Multilevel Signal Formats","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059129646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093267","mag":"2059129646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1976.1093267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035779550","display_name":"K. Miyauchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-7957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Miyauchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yokosuka Electrical Communication Laboratory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokosuka Electrical Communication Laboratory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004815453","display_name":"S. Seki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Seki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yokosuka Electrical Communication Laboratory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokosuka Electrical Communication Laboratory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027110701","display_name":"H. Ishio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Ishio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yokosuka Electrical Communication Laboratory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokosuka Electrical Communication Laboratory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035779550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92732937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"263","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baud","display_name":"Baud","score":0.9066026210784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.6744174957275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6486117839813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6301192045211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.5578636527061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5563242435455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4706553518772125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4355873167514801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2715561091899872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24801179766654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.14855128526687622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169606439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192027","display_name":"Baud","level":3,"score":0.9066026210784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6744174957275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6486117839813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6301192045211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.5578636527061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5563242435455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4706553518772125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4355873167514801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2715561091899872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24801179766654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.14855128526687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1976.1093267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798524847","https://openalex.org/W3008136959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388820610","https://openalex.org/W2184280299","https://openalex.org/W4286007970","https://openalex.org/W2533844392","https://openalex.org/W2155439723","https://openalex.org/W1501804172","https://openalex.org/W2063098405","https://openalex.org/W2168657514","https://openalex.org/W1978509265","https://openalex.org/W2059129646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"modem":[2,53,86],"circuit":[3,57],"technique":[4,24],"is":[5,32,45,60],"proposed":[6],"for":[7,69],"multilevel":[8,26,72],"signal":[9,31],"transmission":[10,20,73],"to":[11],"utilize":[12],"frequency":[13],"bandwidth":[14],"efficiently":[15],"in":[16],"high-speed":[17],"digital":[18],"carrier":[19],"systems.":[21],"With":[22],"this":[23],"a":[25,55,84],"amplitude":[27],"and":[28,44],"phase-keying":[29],"(APK)":[30],"generated":[33],"as":[34],"the":[35,38,81,96],"sum":[36],"of":[37,40,74,83,90],"outputs":[39],"two":[41],"multiphase":[42],"modulators":[43],"detected":[46],"by":[47],"tandem":[48],"phase":[49],"demodulators.":[50],"This":[51],"\"superposed":[52],"has":[54],"simple":[56],"configuration.":[58],"It":[59,66],"constructed":[61],"from":[62,95],"phase-shift-keying":[63],"(PSK)":[64],"modems.":[65],"appears":[67],"advantageous":[68],"realizing":[70],"high-baud-rate":[71],"severalhundred":[75],"Megabauds":[76],"(MBd).":[77],"Experimental":[78],"results":[79],"show":[80],"feasibility":[82],"16-level":[85],"with":[87],"performance":[88],"degradation":[89],"only":[91],"about":[92],"1":[93],"dB":[94],"theoretical":[97],"predictions.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
