{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157246436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093216","title":"Two-Dimensional Markov Representations of Sampled Images","display_name":"Two-Dimensional Markov Representations of Sampled Images","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157246436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093216","mag":"2157246436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1976.1093216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109228112","display_name":"J.A. Stuller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Stuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113577898","display_name":"B. Kurz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Kurz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93472445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"10","first_page":"1148","last_page":"1152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.7132543325424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separable-space","display_name":"Separable space","score":0.6748735904693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.6044558882713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5877571105957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.5742937922477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5689103007316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.55118328332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5494706630706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.426340252161026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39666053652763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3883330225944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38101398944854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32625341415405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19537270069122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.16778185963630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.16166645288467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.11064088344573975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7132543325424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.6748735904693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.6044558882713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5877571105957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5742937922477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5689103007316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.55118328332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5494706630706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.426340252161026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39666053652763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3883330225944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38101398944854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32625341415405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19537270069122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.16778185963630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.16166645288467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.11064088344573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1976.1093216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1976.1093216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W614707241","https://openalex.org/W1578525639","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W2023184754","https://openalex.org/W2037942041","https://openalex.org/W2120250785","https://openalex.org/W2150587533","https://openalex.org/W2168078737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321064619","https://openalex.org/W2009525028","https://openalex.org/W3011179836","https://openalex.org/W2962925412","https://openalex.org/W2023672523","https://openalex.org/W2379651310","https://openalex.org/W2113019827","https://openalex.org/W1541249122","https://openalex.org/W2413828414","https://openalex.org/W2367222340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"shows":[2],"that,":[3],"under":[4,77],"certain":[5],"weak":[6],"restrictions,":[7],"a":[8,19,26],"two-dimensional":[9],"discrete":[10],"Markov":[11],"process":[12],"can":[13],"be":[14],"represented":[15],"either":[16],"\"causally\"":[17],"by":[18,25],"one-sided":[20],"difference":[21,28],"equation,":[22],"or":[23],"\"noncausally\"":[24],"multiple-sided":[27],"equation.":[29],"The":[30,50,63],"former":[31],"representation":[32,52],"is":[33,53,70],"pertinent":[34],"to":[35,55],"the":[36,56,67,73],"analysis":[37,57],"of":[38,58],"image":[39,48],"coders":[40,60],"and":[41,61,72],"processors":[42],"that":[43],"operate":[44],"sequentially":[45],"on":[46],"scanned":[47],"data.":[49],"latter":[51],"applicable":[54],"block":[59],"processors.":[62],"general":[64],"relation":[65],"between":[66],"two":[68],"representations":[69],"given":[71],"specialized":[74],"forms":[75],"resulting":[76],"separable":[78],"scene":[79],"covariance":[80],"studied.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
