{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115587197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1975.1092887","title":"Idle-Channel Noise Characteristic of a Delta Modulator with Step Imbalance and Quantizer Hysteresis","display_name":"Idle-Channel Noise Characteristic of a Delta Modulator with Step Imbalance and Quantizer Hysteresis","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115587197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1975.1092887","mag":"2115587197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1975.1092887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1975.1092887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016841445","display_name":"Benedict G\u00f6tz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-7449"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Gotz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073727774","display_name":"Yuen Kai Ching","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Ching","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063927766","display_name":"Gary Baldwin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016841445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22985232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"834","last_page":"844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hysteresis","display_name":"Hysteresis","score":0.6019247174263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5929647088050842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superposition-principle","display_name":"Superposition principle","score":0.5866151452064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.539282500743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4358091354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4281397759914398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3922438621520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3900122344493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.360815167427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35448282957077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.34001144766807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2634451985359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16324108839035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.11231985688209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1114429235458374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123299182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190837","display_name":"Hysteresis","level":2,"score":0.6019247174263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5929647088050842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.5866151452064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.539282500743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4358091354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4281397759914398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3922438621520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3900122344493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.360815167427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35448282957077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.34001144766807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2634451985359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16324108839035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.11231985688209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1114429235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1975.1092887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1975.1092887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976355433","https://openalex.org/W2054450414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308749380","https://openalex.org/W1977264433","https://openalex.org/W2372481764","https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2037841693","https://openalex.org/W2347371661","https://openalex.org/W4308448008","https://openalex.org/W2746368218","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2610947892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,25],"1969":[1],"Iwersen":[2],"[4]":[3],"analyzed":[4],"the":[5,31,52,75,79,94,97,114,131,140,167,172,177,201,230,235,240],"quantizing":[6,45],"noise":[7,99,119,141,232],"(assuming":[8],"no":[9],"slope":[10],"overload)":[11],"associated":[12],"with":[13,22],"a":[14,125,144,194,206],"delta":[15],"modulator":[16],"(":[17],"<tex":[18,42,218,248,256,263,269,284,288],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[19,43,219,227,249,257,264,270,277,285,289],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\\DeltaM</tex>":[20,44],")":[21],"step-size":[23,35],"imbalance.":[24],"this":[26,60],"concise":[27],"paper":[28],"we":[29,62],"consider":[30],"effects":[32],"of":[33,55,78,127,130,152,171,208,262,283],"both":[34],"imbalance":[36,160,210],"and":[37,108,133,154,169,184,216,266,287],"quantizer":[38,69],"threshold":[39,70],"hysteresis":[40,71,153,183,187,217],"on":[41],"noise.":[46,82],"The":[47,118],"analysis":[48],"is":[49,85,121,137,244,279],"restricted":[50],"to":[51,66,86,182,238],"important":[53],"case":[54,61],"zero":[56],"input":[57],"signal.":[58],"For":[59],"extend":[63],"Iwersen's":[64,163],"work":[65],"show":[67,185],"that":[68,139,186,246],"can":[72,188],"significantly":[73],"change":[74],"spectral":[76],"shape":[77],"idle":[80],"channel":[81],"Our":[83],"approach":[84],"first":[87],"construct":[88],"two":[89],"locus":[90],"functions,":[91],"one":[92,109],"for":[93,110,247],"samples":[95,129],"(of":[96],"steady-state":[98],"waveform)":[100],"taken":[101,112],"at":[102,113],"arbitrarily":[103],"defined":[104],"even":[105,132],"sampling":[106,116,241],"times":[107],"those":[111],"odd":[115,134],"times.":[117],"waveform":[120],"then":[122],"obtained":[123],"as":[124,161,205],"superposition":[126],"interleaved":[128],"loci.":[135],"It":[136,243],"shown":[138,245],"spectrum":[142],"has":[143],"discrete":[145,173],"tonal":[146],"struture":[147],"whose":[148],"frequencies":[149],"are":[150,155],"independent":[151,261],"determined":[156],"solely":[157],"by":[158],"step":[159,209,213],"in":[162,234],"analysis.":[164],"Hysteresis":[165],"changes":[166,180],"magnitude":[168,179,203],"phase":[170],"tones.":[174],"We":[175,196,222],"characterize":[176],"tone":[178,202],"due":[181],"amplify,":[189],"attenuate,":[190],"or":[191],"completely":[192],"eliminate":[193],"tone.":[195],"present":[197],"curves":[198],"which":[199],"specify":[200],"attenuation":[204],"function":[207,282],"\u03b5,":[211],"average":[212],"size":[214],"\u03c3,":[215],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">h</tex>":[220,265],".":[221,291],"also":[223],"calculate":[224],"P":[225,275],"<inf":[226,276],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">T</inf>":[228,278],",":[229,255,274],"total":[231],"power":[233],"baseband":[236],"up":[237],"half":[239],"frequency.":[242],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0":[250],"\\leq":[251,253],"h":[252],"\\epsilon</tex>":[254,273],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">P_{T}":[258],"=":[259],"\\sigma^{2}/3</tex>":[260],"\u03b5":[267],";for":[268],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">h":[271],"&gt;":[272],"an":[280],"increasing":[281],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\\epsilon/\\sigma</tex>":[286],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">h/\\epsilon</tex>":[290]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}