{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112422821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1973.1091632","title":"A Linear Bit Synchronizer with Learning","display_name":"A Linear Bit Synchronizer with Learning","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112422821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1973.1091632","mag":"2112422821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1973.1091632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1973.1091632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022764457","display_name":"Louis R. Chow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Chow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004272060","display_name":"Pao-Yu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036671756","display_name":"H. A. Owen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Owen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71202532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"226","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9420999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronizer","display_name":"Synchronizer","score":0.9888222217559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6061390042304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6053894758224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5499951839447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5258786678314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5160341262817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.48142120242118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4589373469352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.44902950525283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4400375485420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.41073089838027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26494187116622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1761634647846222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12614062428474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10744476318359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10364499688148499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66727535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662199","display_name":"Synchronizer","level":2,"score":0.9888222217559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6061390042304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6053894758224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5499951839447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5258786678314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5160341262817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.48142120242118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4589373469352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.44902950525283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4400375485420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.41073089838027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26494187116622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1761634647846222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12614062428474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10744476318359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10364499688148499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1973.1091632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1973.1091632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw:987654321/45362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/handle/987654321/45362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922698","display_name":"Tamkang University Institutional Repository (TKUIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486460407","https://openalex.org/W1497262531","https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W2062328787","https://openalex.org/W2109827717","https://openalex.org/W2116324626","https://openalex.org/W2139716486","https://openalex.org/W2139866690","https://openalex.org/W2166098687","https://openalex.org/W2360423461","https://openalex.org/W3170733550","https://openalex.org/W4205447762","https://openalex.org/W4214683347","https://openalex.org/W4248037435","https://openalex.org/W6707269495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380488590","https://openalex.org/W2381770863","https://openalex.org/W2387092654","https://openalex.org/W3164310312","https://openalex.org/W2039832510","https://openalex.org/W2092534058","https://openalex.org/W2183383494","https://openalex.org/W2000905366","https://openalex.org/W2392430353","https://openalex.org/W1560661846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"adaptive":[1],"sequential":[2],"bit":[3],"synchronizer":[4,63],"for":[5],"a":[6,34],"random":[7],"squarewave":[8],"data":[9,75],"process":[10,25],"is":[11,64],"proposed":[12],"in":[13],"this":[14],"paper.":[15],"The":[16,29],"probability":[17],"distributions":[18],"of":[19,39,61,69,71,74,80],"the":[20,52,59,62,67,72,78],"signal":[21],"parameters":[22],"and":[23,47,77],"noise":[24],"are":[26,37],"assumed":[27],"unknown.":[28],"synchronization":[30],"algorithms,":[31],"implemented":[32],"on":[33],"small":[35],"computer,":[36],"capable":[38],"accurately":[40],"estimating":[41],"pulse":[42,45],"transition":[43],"time,":[44],"amplitude,":[46],"pulsewidth":[48],"simultaneously":[49],"by":[50],"invoking":[51],"Gauss-Markov":[53],"theorem.":[54],"Numerous":[55],"simulations":[56],"indicate":[57],"that":[58],"performance":[60],"satisfactory":[65],"from":[66],"points":[68],"view":[70],"amount":[73],"required":[76],"speed":[79],"convergence.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
