{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013530266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1972.1091287","title":"Theory of Operation and Design of an All-Digital FM Discriminator","display_name":"Theory of Operation and Design of an All-Digital FM Discriminator","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013530266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1972.1091287","mag":"2013530266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1972.1091287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1972.1091287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075150401","display_name":"J. Garodnick","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Garodnick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goldmark Communications, Stamford, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goldmark Communications, Stamford, CT, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020940266","display_name":"J. Greco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Greco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023419740","display_name":"D. L. Schilling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Schilling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16623252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"1159","last_page":"1165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.9097452759742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.50002121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4816276431083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.47121137380599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.46994951367378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.46847477555274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46143007278442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.4498049318790436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4398784637451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.4113045930862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29709064960479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.18733933568000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16297656297683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1309443712234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.10926494002342224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.9097452759742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.50002121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4816276431083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.47121137380599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.46994951367378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46847477555274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46143007278442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.4498049318790436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4398784637451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.4113045930862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29709064960479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.18733933568000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16297656297683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1309443712234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.10926494002342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcom.1972.1091287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1972.1091287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170832","display_name":"IRE Transactions on Communications Systems","issn_l":"0096-2244","issn":["0096-2244","2162-2132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.75,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001251887","https://openalex.org/W2067849424","https://openalex.org/W2112616629","https://openalex.org/W2120801011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W3134631198","https://openalex.org/W2366468345","https://openalex.org/W2013074544","https://openalex.org/W2013604892","https://openalex.org/W2348189462","https://openalex.org/W4317721498","https://openalex.org/W2065423527","https://openalex.org/W2038401158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,68,86],"theory":[1],"of":[2,7,74,95],"operation":[3],"and":[4,42,59,62,83,91,111],"the":[5,21,27,35,45,63,72,80,93],"design":[6],"an":[8,39],"all-digital":[9],"FM":[10,36],"discriminator":[11,23,32],"is":[12,18,24,55],"presented":[13],"in":[14,79],"this":[15],"paper.":[16],"It":[17],"shown":[19],"that":[20,33],"digital":[22],"equivalent":[25],"to":[26],"Foster-Seely":[28],"demodulator,":[29],"i.e.,":[30],"a":[31],"converts":[34],"signal":[37,41],"into":[38],"AM":[40,46],"then":[43],"recovers":[44],"by":[47],"using":[48],"envelope":[49],"detection.":[50],"output":[52],"signal-to-noise":[53],"ratio":[54],"found":[56],"analytically":[57],"above":[58],"below":[60],"threshold":[61],"results":[64],"are":[65],"verified":[66],"experimentally.":[67],"theoretical":[69],"analysis":[70],"includes":[71],"effect":[73],"quantization":[75],"noise,":[76],"frequency":[77],"jitter":[78],"internal":[81],"oscillator,":[82],"thermal":[84],"noise.":[85],"system":[87],"can":[88,101],"be":[89],"integrated":[90],"with":[92],"use":[94],"readily":[96],"available":[97],"emitter-coupled":[98],"logic":[99],"(ECL)":[100],"operate":[102],"at":[103],"intermediate":[104],"frequencies":[105],"suitable":[106],"for":[107],"many":[108],"space,":[109],"industrial,":[110],"commercial":[112],"applications.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}