{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406028107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2025.3525838","title":"Minimal Sensor Placement for Generic State and Unknown Input Observability","display_name":"Minimal Sensor Placement for Generic State and Unknown Input Observability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406028107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2025.3525838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2025.3525838","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2025.3525838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039351241","display_name":"Ranbo Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranbo Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7131-405X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038972830","display_name":"Yuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-5845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-5845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111228198","display_name":"Amin Md Al","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Md Al","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064231378","display_name":"Yuanqing Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-4911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanqing Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-4911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00192828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"1427","last_page":"1439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.90829998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.9378687143325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5628988742828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5392746925354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5359734892845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3599415719509125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.288046658039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2746129035949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25979411602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2029632329940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1979515254497528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.09440410137176514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.9378687143325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5628988742828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5392746925354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5359734892845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3599415719509125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.288046658039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2746129035949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25979411602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2029632329940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1979515254497528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.09440410137176514}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2025.3525838","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2025.3525838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4705530201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533712308","https://openalex.org/W1930354283","https://openalex.org/W1945186739","https://openalex.org/W1963646571","https://openalex.org/W1964826991","https://openalex.org/W1971604476","https://openalex.org/W1995295418","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2016617706","https://openalex.org/W2022013440","https://openalex.org/W2029105015","https://openalex.org/W2064445708","https://openalex.org/W2088085314","https://openalex.org/W2088188524","https://openalex.org/W2094664405","https://openalex.org/W2096918430","https://openalex.org/W2101420429","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2128751239","https://openalex.org/W2143996311","https://openalex.org/W2167601889","https://openalex.org/W2296217093","https://openalex.org/W2304026854","https://openalex.org/W2405143843","https://openalex.org/W2500540229","https://openalex.org/W2772361745","https://openalex.org/W2782999767","https://openalex.org/W2808312533","https://openalex.org/W2887053799","https://openalex.org/W2899854239","https://openalex.org/W3009388810","https://openalex.org/W4256029012","https://openalex.org/W4310935372","https://openalex.org/W4364856195","https://openalex.org/W4391020729","https://openalex.org/W4402591375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2046459260","https://openalex.org/W2967463586","https://openalex.org/W2074679142","https://openalex.org/W2765830098","https://openalex.org/W1971989957","https://openalex.org/W2517338020","https://openalex.org/W3157641275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,7,17,23,35,40,57,78,89,108,112,133,153,165,177,202],"problem":[4,49,114,123,158,197],"of":[5,10,19,43,59,92,111,156,167,201],"selecting":[6],"minimum":[8,90],"number":[9,91,166],"dedicated":[11,75,93],"sensors":[12,76,94],"to":[13,95,126,159,194],"achieve":[14,96],"observability":[15,63,101],"in":[16,148,184,213],"presence":[18],"unknown":[20],"inputs,":[21],"namely,":[22],"state":[24,60,98,134],"and":[25,46,61,70,99,141,209],"input":[26,62,100],"observability,":[27],"for":[28,64,73,175],"linear":[29],"time-invariant":[30],"systems.":[31],"We":[32,55,118,169],"assume":[33],"that":[34,87,121,144],"only":[36],"available":[37],"information":[38],"is":[39,102,124,204],"zero\u2013nonzero":[41],"structure":[42],"system":[44,53],"matrices,":[45],"approach":[47],"this":[48,122,157,196],"within":[50,128],"a":[51,129,172,191],"structured":[52,65],"model.":[54],"revisit":[56],"concept":[58],"systems,":[66],"providing":[67],"refined":[68],"necessary":[69],"sufficient":[71],"conditions":[72],"placing":[74],"via":[77],"Dulmage\u2013Mendelsohn":[79],"decomposition.":[80],"Based":[81],"on":[82],"these":[83],"conditions,":[84],"we":[85,137,189],"prove":[86],"determining":[88],"generic":[97],"NP-hard,":[103],"which":[104,151,176],"contrasts":[105],"sharply":[106],"with":[107,115,162],"polynomial-time":[109],"complexity":[110],"corresponding":[113],"known":[116],"inputs.":[117,168],"also":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"hard":[125],"approximate":[127],"factor":[130],"of$(1-o(1))\\mathrm{{log}}(n)$,":[131],"where$n$is":[132],"dimension.":[135],"Notwithstanding,":[136],"propose":[138,190],"nontrivial":[139],"upper":[140],"lower":[142],"bounds":[143],"can":[145,181,210],"be":[146,182,211],"computed":[147],"polynomial":[149,185,214],"time,":[150],"confine":[152],"optimal":[154,179,206],"value":[155,180],"an":[160],"interval":[161],"length":[163],"being":[164],"further":[170],"present":[171],"special":[173],"case":[174],"exact":[178],"determined":[183],"time.":[186,215],"In":[187],"addition,":[188],"two-stage":[192],"algorithm":[193,203],"solve":[195],"approximately.":[198],"Each":[199],"stage":[200],"either":[205],"or":[207],"suboptimal":[208],"completed":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}