{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396941530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2024.3401268","title":"Observer-Based Control for Linear Continuous-Time Systems With Fully Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"Observer-Based Control for Linear Continuous-Time Systems With Fully Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396941530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2024.3401268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2024.3401268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2024.3401268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hung Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9113-4440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hung Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635556","display_name":"Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh B\u00ecnh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2888-9732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96749437","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Corpus Christi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mrfdz82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA","College of Engineering, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065746035","display_name":"Hyung-Gon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-4843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Gon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003982643","display_name":"Hyo\u2010Sung Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-0093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyo-Sung Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97220257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"700","last_page":"712"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13983","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Information Systems","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13855","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Control Systems","score":0.9434999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7408905029296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.5945900678634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5900603532791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5717530250549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.535979688167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4717344045639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4253644347190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3378424048423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2708934545516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13158288598060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09703466296195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08431273698806763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7408905029296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.5945900678634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5900603532791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5717530250549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.535979688167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4717344045639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4253644347190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3378424048423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2708934545516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13158288598060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09703466296195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08431273698806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2024.3401268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2024.3401268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7676091999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1A2B5B03001459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56544557","https://openalex.org/W1195653569","https://openalex.org/W1483804921","https://openalex.org/W1972523481","https://openalex.org/W1995681063","https://openalex.org/W2049027894","https://openalex.org/W2063857997","https://openalex.org/W2081251098","https://openalex.org/W2083499674","https://openalex.org/W2084911649","https://openalex.org/W2108834246","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2290211681","https://openalex.org/W2343586882","https://openalex.org/W2343884055","https://openalex.org/W2436900633","https://openalex.org/W2474603704","https://openalex.org/W2558859020","https://openalex.org/W2739578598","https://openalex.org/W2774167780","https://openalex.org/W2810405816","https://openalex.org/W2895182117","https://openalex.org/W2902384620","https://openalex.org/W2938401652","https://openalex.org/W2964008526","https://openalex.org/W2964197766","https://openalex.org/W2990644065","https://openalex.org/W2996072473","https://openalex.org/W3010823930","https://openalex.org/W3015604859","https://openalex.org/W3015846050","https://openalex.org/W3020912434","https://openalex.org/W3118414259","https://openalex.org/W3129311434","https://openalex.org/W3162097196","https://openalex.org/W3165039296","https://openalex.org/W3204741771","https://openalex.org/W3209895265","https://openalex.org/W3210839039","https://openalex.org/W4224293408","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4294690761","https://openalex.org/W4313183819","https://openalex.org/W4378697376","https://openalex.org/W4380446881","https://openalex.org/W4385194716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4393118461","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W4313300189","https://openalex.org/W2949835517","https://openalex.org/W2601739120","https://openalex.org/W4256358502","https://openalex.org/W2625655658","https://openalex.org/W2016812753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,18],"is":[2],"concerned":[3],"with":[4,102],"designing":[5],"an":[6,32],"encrypted":[7,33,73],"observer-based":[8,48],"controller":[9],"for":[10,75],"linear":[11],"continuous-time":[12,79],"systems.":[13],"To":[14],"be":[15],"specific,":[16],"this":[17],"deploys":[19],"a":[20,71],"fully":[21],"homomorphic":[22],"encryption":[23],"(FHE)":[24],"scheme":[25],"to":[26,58,69,115],"directly":[27],"compute":[28],"control":[29,113],"inputs":[30],"in":[31,47,53,96],"form":[34,74],"without":[35],"decryption,":[36],"thus":[37],"avoiding":[38],"data":[39],"eavesdropping.":[40],"Note":[41],"that":[42],"the":[43,59,63,78,123],"deployment":[44],"of":[45,77,98,125],"FHE":[46],"controllers":[49],"inevitably":[50],"faces":[51],"challenges":[52],"handling":[54],"quantization":[55,60,103,117],"errors":[56],"due":[57],"required":[61],"by":[62],"encryption-decryption":[64],"processes.":[65],"That":[66],"motivates":[67],"us":[68],"propose":[70],"novel":[72],"computations":[76],"controller,":[80],"and":[81,105,119],"present":[82],"rigorous":[83],"stability":[84,92],"analysis":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87,110],"its":[88],"virtual":[89],"dynamics.":[90],"Consequently,":[91],"criteria":[93],"are":[94],"formulated":[95],"terms":[97],"tractable":[99],"conditions":[100],"associated":[101],"gains":[104,118],"sampling":[106,120],"intervals.":[107],"Numerical":[108],"results":[109],"DC":[111],"motor":[112],"corresponding":[114],"several":[116],"intervals":[121],"demonstrate":[122],"validity":[124],"our":[126],"method.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}