{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226284643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2022.3165086","title":"Asymmetric Vulnerability of Measurement and Control Channels in Closed-Loop Systems","display_name":"Asymmetric Vulnerability of Measurement and Control Channels in Closed-Loop Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226284643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2022.3165086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2022.3165086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2022.3165086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080674902","display_name":"Jun Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-3655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031865661","display_name":"Donny Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9992-6249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donny Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101404280","display_name":"Jing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-1662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037989105","display_name":"Tongwen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1699-7947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongwen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080674902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77471437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"1804","last_page":"1815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9610999822616577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-quadratic-gaussian-control","display_name":"Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control","score":0.8865214586257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7594894170761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5995304584503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4777500033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.47114530205726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.44858360290527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4481484293937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4452371895313263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.44113242626190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4099915623664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3840779960155487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3648460805416107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.34213393926620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30006271600723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09966140985488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.06711652874946594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204495892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798304","display_name":"Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control","level":3,"score":0.8865214586257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7594894170761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5995304584503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4777500033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.47114530205726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44858360290527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4481484293937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4452371895313263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.44113242626190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4099915623664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3840779960155487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3648460805416107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.34213393926620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30006271600723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09966140985488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.06711652874946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2022.3165086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2022.3165086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343541124","https://openalex.org/W2400117891","https://openalex.org/W2402911760","https://openalex.org/W2484646121","https://openalex.org/W2589039213","https://openalex.org/W2613841561","https://openalex.org/W2627024038","https://openalex.org/W2780545917","https://openalex.org/W2784198128","https://openalex.org/W2792111770","https://openalex.org/W2888630991","https://openalex.org/W2921584596","https://openalex.org/W2943560396","https://openalex.org/W2944749370","https://openalex.org/W2956904305","https://openalex.org/W2961536906","https://openalex.org/W2982304490","https://openalex.org/W3009438275","https://openalex.org/W3016473151","https://openalex.org/W3039187353","https://openalex.org/W3046108557","https://openalex.org/W3138139098","https://openalex.org/W3153864442","https://openalex.org/W3181784683","https://openalex.org/W3183805430","https://openalex.org/W3199408610","https://openalex.org/W3211862199","https://openalex.org/W3217004556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999291921","https://openalex.org/W2107169685","https://openalex.org/W4245839115","https://openalex.org/W2111439273","https://openalex.org/W2115005925","https://openalex.org/W2101783086","https://openalex.org/W1998777431","https://openalex.org/W2037500647","https://openalex.org/W2619014647","https://openalex.org/W2151337373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,34,49,72,86,89,97],"vulnerability":[4,95],"of":[5,15,29,37,88,96],"measurement":[6],"and":[7,39,63],"control":[8,24],"channels":[9,74,99],"in":[10],"closed-loop":[11],"systems.":[12],"The":[13,93],"problem":[14],"optimal":[16],"stealthy":[17,43],"attacks":[18,44,51,70],"on":[19,45,71,80],"linear":[20],"quadratic":[21],"Gaussian":[22],"(LQG)":[23],"is":[25,66,100],"analyzed.":[26],"Different":[27],"types":[28],"stealthiness":[30,59,91],"are":[31,61],"considered,":[32],"including":[33],"probability":[35],"distribution":[36],"innovations":[38],"their":[40],"whiteness.":[41],"For":[42],"two":[46,73,98],"different":[47,58,76],"channels,":[48],"worst-case":[50,69],"that":[52,68],"maximize":[53],"LQG":[54],"costs":[55],"while":[56],"satisfying":[57],"constraints":[60],"obtained":[62],"compared.":[64],"It":[65],"shown":[67],"have":[75],"properties,":[77],"which":[78],"depend":[79],"system":[81],"parameters":[82],"as":[83,85],"well":[84],"threshold":[87],"relaxed":[90],"constraint.":[92],"asymmetric":[94],"illustrated":[101],"by":[102],"numerical":[103],"examples.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}