{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133969519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2021.3063333","title":"Searching for Critical Power System Cascading Failures With Graph Convolutional Network","display_name":"Searching for Critical Power System Cascading Failures With Graph Convolutional Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133969519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2021.3063333","mag":"3133969519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2021.3063333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2021.3063333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002499874","display_name":"Yuxiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-5989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070506875","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0366-4657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0366-4657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101847563","display_name":"Dan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-640X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-640X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011374014","display_name":"Audun Botterud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5706-5636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Audun Botterud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029923504","display_name":"Rui Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-2750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Systems, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-2750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Systems, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447205","display_name":"Chongqing Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2296-8250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongqing Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2296-8250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96396058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"1304","last_page":"1313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.9111725091934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7077575325965881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.6743749380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5417131185531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-protection","display_name":"Power-system protection","score":0.4698167145252228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.43425580859184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39883512258529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25538450479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.21842962503433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1494678556919098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.9111725091934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7077575325965881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.6743749380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5417131185531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38361682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Power-system protection","level":4,"score":0.4698167145252228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.43425580859184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39883512258529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25538450479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.21842962503433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1494678556919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2021.3063333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2021.3063333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1751644051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-06CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7687264264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1766212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46659105","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1655664455","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1909467347","https://openalex.org/W1945760464","https://openalex.org/W1982204033","https://openalex.org/W1999071210","https://openalex.org/W2019314643","https://openalex.org/W2050246171","https://openalex.org/W2053470766","https://openalex.org/W2053680004","https://openalex.org/W2056636551","https://openalex.org/W2084426671","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2109914264","https://openalex.org/W2120483528","https://openalex.org/W2120747200","https://openalex.org/W2136092163","https://openalex.org/W2145742480","https://openalex.org/W2168166147","https://openalex.org/W2173028480","https://openalex.org/W2175357651","https://openalex.org/W2301816837","https://openalex.org/W2332401959","https://openalex.org/W2342705924","https://openalex.org/W2513580371","https://openalex.org/W2602053049","https://openalex.org/W2630296302","https://openalex.org/W2721263917","https://openalex.org/W2765323781","https://openalex.org/W2787237990","https://openalex.org/W2804851328","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2912836528","https://openalex.org/W2915350869","https://openalex.org/W2937026737","https://openalex.org/W2945563933","https://openalex.org/W2947873642","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2970968976","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2986946894","https://openalex.org/W2989802359","https://openalex.org/W3034371431","https://openalex.org/W4210257598","https://openalex.org/W4254505309","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W6602002561","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637019250","https://openalex.org/W6745316256","https://openalex.org/W6759999102","https://openalex.org/W6763140224","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038278056","https://openalex.org/W2545853327","https://openalex.org/W2378097750","https://openalex.org/W2532099551","https://openalex.org/W2336056369","https://openalex.org/W1991416024","https://openalex.org/W2093765635","https://openalex.org/W2050292684","https://openalex.org/W2805537460","https://openalex.org/W2155742919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"system":[1,41,131],"cascading":[2,33,64,75,91,153,164],"failures":[3,65,76,92],"become":[4],"more":[5,30,46],"time":[6],"variant":[7],"and":[8,16,132],"complex":[9,72],"because":[10],"of":[11,53,74,100,110,151],"the":[12,25,51,87,98,101,108,111,127,142,149,158,162],"increasing":[13],"network":[14,57],"interconnection":[15],"higher":[17],"renewable":[18],"energy":[19],"penetration.":[20],"High":[21],"computational":[22],"cost":[23],"is":[24,37,123],"main":[26],"obstacle":[27],"for":[28,89,160],"a":[29,45,54,83,115],"frequent":[31],"online":[32],"failure":[34],"search,":[35],"which":[36],"essential":[38],"to":[39,59],"improve":[40],"security.":[42],"We":[43,105],"propose":[44],"efficient":[47],"search":[48,88,150],"framework":[49],"with":[50,68,97],"aid":[52,99],"graph":[55],"convolutional":[56],"(GCN)":[58],"identify":[60],"as":[61,66],"many":[62],"critical":[63,90,152],"possible":[67],"limited":[69],"attempts.":[70],"The":[71,120,138],"mechanism":[73],"can":[77,93,145],"be":[78,94],"well":[79],"captured":[80],"by":[81,114],"training":[82],"GCN":[84,103,112],"offline.":[85],"Subsequently,":[86],"significantly":[95],"accelerated":[96],"trained":[102],"model.":[104],"further":[106],"enable":[107],"interpretability":[109],"model":[113],"layerwise":[116],"relevance":[117],"propagation":[118],"algorithm.":[119],"proposed":[121],"method":[122,144],"tested":[124],"on":[125],"both":[126],"IEEE":[128],"RTS-79":[129],"test":[130],"China's":[133],"Henan":[134],"Province":[135],"power":[136],"system.":[137],"results":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141],"GCN-guided":[143],"not":[146],"only":[147],"accelerate":[148],"failures,":[154],"but":[155],"also":[156],"reveal":[157],"reasons":[159],"predicting":[161],"potential":[163],"failures.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
