{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119413323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2020.3031168","title":"Practical Scalable Synchronization in Leader\u2013Follower Networks of Nonlinear Heterogeneous Agents Using High-Gain Observers","display_name":"Practical Scalable Synchronization in Leader\u2013Follower Networks of Nonlinear Heterogeneous Agents Using High-Gain Observers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119413323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2020.3031168","mag":"3119413323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2020.3031168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2020.3031168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085115754","display_name":"Dhrubajit Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-0323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dhrubajit Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-0323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085115754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1342,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57969543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"530","last_page":"541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11347","display_name":"Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6964103579521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6674525737762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.6278595924377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplacian-matrix","display_name":"Laplacian matrix","score":0.5736499428749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5497968792915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5300996899604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.49167996644973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-connectivity","display_name":"Algebraic connectivity","score":0.4686310291290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.4604862630367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45763611793518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4174025058746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3510194420814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32887202501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.32186514139175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.14552342891693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.12397974729537964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6964103579521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6674525737762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.6278595924377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115178988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q772067","display_name":"Laplacian matrix","level":3,"score":0.5736499428749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5497968792915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5300996899604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.49167996644973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7948225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4723998","display_name":"Algebraic connectivity","level":4,"score":0.4686310291290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.4604862630367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45763611793518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4174025058746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3510194420814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32887202501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.32186514139175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.14552342891693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.12397974729537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2020.3031168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2020.3031168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8447610708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EECS1128476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309085","funder_display_name":"Center for Selective C-H Functionalization, National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309085","display_name":"Center for Selective C-H Functionalization, National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02h8v7m77"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W388525125","https://openalex.org/W607713943","https://openalex.org/W1484631200","https://openalex.org/W1544016679","https://openalex.org/W1587744656","https://openalex.org/W1964453066","https://openalex.org/W1989206117","https://openalex.org/W2011066907","https://openalex.org/W2014993114","https://openalex.org/W2019817112","https://openalex.org/W2023459132","https://openalex.org/W2027562147","https://openalex.org/W2050219131","https://openalex.org/W2057738925","https://openalex.org/W2080817687","https://openalex.org/W2099689250","https://openalex.org/W2107415588","https://openalex.org/W2111366290","https://openalex.org/W2111838183","https://openalex.org/W2117516628","https://openalex.org/W2129248505","https://openalex.org/W2160643434","https://openalex.org/W2278351347","https://openalex.org/W2293241517","https://openalex.org/W2536327210","https://openalex.org/W2571527988","https://openalex.org/W2796365873","https://openalex.org/W2955835378","https://openalex.org/W2962754981","https://openalex.org/W2963477213","https://openalex.org/W2963491590","https://openalex.org/W2964244475","https://openalex.org/W2997852969","https://openalex.org/W3001223053","https://openalex.org/W3011466038","https://openalex.org/W3045714362","https://openalex.org/W3104139880","https://openalex.org/W3104175967","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W4238351192","https://openalex.org/W6694904053","https://openalex.org/W6765553606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2597594164","https://openalex.org/W2475700395","https://openalex.org/W2039278542","https://openalex.org/W4368408228","https://openalex.org/W3011949883","https://openalex.org/W80320255","https://openalex.org/W3046200067","https://openalex.org/W2117285924","https://openalex.org/W2384465505","https://openalex.org/W1707078205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,213],"consider":[1],"the":[2,6,14,20,24,35,42,45,60,73,80,84,96,102,116,128,140,158,171,186,197,216,230,233,245],"synchronization":[3,71,117,141,198],"problem":[4],"in":[5,13,34,44,98,180],"leader-follower":[7,18],"framework":[8],"with":[9,31,164,177,222,236],"a":[10,17,89,111,150,189,207,240,251],"single":[11],"leader":[12],"network.":[15],"For":[16],"network,":[19],"smallest":[21,81],"eigenvalue":[22,82],"of":[23,52,63,83,118,232,242,253],"grounded":[25,85],"Laplacian":[26,86],"matrix":[27],"decreases":[28],"toward":[29],"zero":[30],"an":[32,178],"increase":[33,179],"network":[36,181,241],"size":[37],"for":[38,69,115,134],"undirected":[39],"graphs":[40],"when":[41],"nodes":[43],"graph":[46],"have":[47],"bounded":[48,55,162,220],"neighborhood":[49],"(fixed":[50],"number":[51],"neighbors)":[53],"and":[54,136,170,193,209,249],"edge":[56],"weights.":[57],"This":[58],"affects":[59],"controller":[61,74,152,168,187,208,235],"gain":[62,75],"standard":[64],"nonlinear":[65,120],"control":[66,159,217],"approaches":[67],"used":[68],"achieving":[70],"as":[72],"is":[76,155,161,219],"inversely":[77],"proportional":[78],"to":[79,94,101,166,224],"matrix.":[87],"As":[88],"result,":[90],"it":[91],"becomes":[92],"difficult":[93],"realize":[95,185],"controllers":[97],"practice":[99],"due":[100],"significant":[103],"high":[104],"gain.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107,167],"article,":[108],"we":[109,125,137,184,194,228],"propose":[110],"scalable":[112],"distributed":[113],"algorithm":[114],"second-order":[119],"heterogeneous":[121],"multiagent":[122],"systems.":[123],"First,":[124],"assume":[126],"that":[127,139,157,196,215],"relative":[129],"state":[130],"derivates":[131],"are":[132],"available":[133],"feedback,":[135],"show":[138,195,214],"error":[142,199],"can":[143,200],"be":[144,201],"made":[145,202],"arbitrarily":[146,203],"small":[147,204],"by":[148,205],"tuning":[149,206],"particular":[151],"parameter.":[153],"It":[154],"shown":[156],"signal":[160,218],"uniformly":[163,221],"respect":[165,223],"parameter,":[169,211],"system":[172,248],"performance":[173],"does":[174],"not":[175],"degrade":[176],"size.":[182],"Next,":[183],"using":[188],"reduced-order":[190],"high-gain":[191],"observer,":[192],"observer":[210],"respectively.":[212],"these":[225],"parameters.":[226],"Finally,":[227],"demonstrate":[229],"efficacy":[231],"proposed":[234],"two":[237],"examples:":[238],"1)":[239],"oscillators":[243],"on":[244],"IEEE":[246],"300-bus":[247],"2)":[250],"platoon":[252],"vehicles.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}