{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1848663210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2016.2615158","title":"The Impact of Stealthy Attacks on Smart Grid Performance: Tradeoffs and Implications","display_name":"The Impact of Stealthy Attacks on Smart Grid Performance: Tradeoffs and Implications","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1848663210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2016.2615158","mag":"1848663210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2016.2615158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2016.2615158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.06004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yara Abdallah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yara Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zizhan Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-1051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zizhan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ness B. Shroff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-6879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ness B. Shroff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hesham El Gamal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesham El Gamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tarek M. El-Fouly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-6163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarek M. El-Fouly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73559952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"886","last_page":"898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.37229999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6071000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196903269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6059063","display_name":"Intrusion tolerance","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcns.2016.2615158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2016.2615158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502544478","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","issn_l":"2325-5870","issn":["2325-5870","2372-2533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1502.06004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.06004","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.06004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/15850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/15850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1502.06004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.06004","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.06004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973309971","https://openalex.org/W1975635104","https://openalex.org/W1999893744","https://openalex.org/W2005028112","https://openalex.org/W2021009577","https://openalex.org/W2041679114","https://openalex.org/W2053382990","https://openalex.org/W2057694377","https://openalex.org/W2078162540","https://openalex.org/W2099961254","https://openalex.org/W2100445566","https://openalex.org/W2103234848","https://openalex.org/W2109176395","https://openalex.org/W2116065935","https://openalex.org/W2130197044","https://openalex.org/W2157164380","https://openalex.org/W2164681195","https://openalex.org/W2166136432","https://openalex.org/W4233880584","https://openalex.org/W6659643778"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"smart":[1,100,161],"grid":[2,59,82,101],"is":[3,118],"envisioned":[4],"to":[5,36,63,155,175],"significantly":[6],"enhance":[7],"the":[8,28,38,46,58,70,77,81,95,99,115,127,133,136,160,164,168,173,180,184,195],"efficiency":[9,79],"of":[10,31,72,80,98,167],"energy":[11,32,39,78,96,169],"consumption,":[12],"by":[13,107,132],"utilizing":[14],"two-way":[15],"communication":[16],"channels":[17],"between":[18],"consumers":[19,102],"and":[20,43,105,135,138,142,189],"operators.":[21],"For":[22],"example,":[23],"operators":[24],"can":[25],"opportunistically":[26],"leverage":[27],"delay":[29,165],"tolerance":[30,166],"demands":[33,97,170],"in":[34,83,159],"order":[35],"balance":[37],"load":[40],"over":[41],"time,":[42],"hence,":[44],"reduce":[45],"total":[47],"operational":[48],"cost.":[49],"This":[50,182],"opportunity,":[51],"however,":[52],"comes":[53],"with":[54,120],"security":[55],"threats,":[56],"as":[57,153],"becomes":[60],"more":[61],"vulnerable":[62],"cyber-attacks.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,89],"study":[69],"impact":[71],"such":[73],"malicious":[74],"cyber-attacks":[75],"on":[76,179],"a":[84,91],"simplified":[85],"setup.":[86],"More":[87],"precisely,":[88],"consider":[90],"simple":[92],"model":[93],"where":[94],"are":[103],"intercepted":[104],"altered":[106],"an":[108],"active":[109],"attacker":[110,137,174],"before":[111],"they":[112],"arrive":[113],"at":[114,194],"operator,":[116],"who":[117],"equipped":[119],"limited":[121],"intrusion":[122,191],"detection":[123,192],"capabilities.":[124],"We":[125],"formulate":[126],"resulting":[128],"optimization":[129],"problems":[130],"faced":[131],"operator":[134],"propose":[139],"several":[140],"scheduling":[141],"attack":[143],"strategies":[144],"for":[145,186],"both":[146],"parties.":[147],"Interestingly,":[148],"our":[149],"results":[150],"show":[151],"that,":[152],"opposed":[154],"facilitating":[156],"cost":[157],"reduction":[158],"grid,":[162],"increasing":[163],"potentially":[171],"allows":[172],"force":[176],"increased":[177],"costs":[178],"system.":[181],"highlights":[183],"need":[185],"carefully":[187],"constructed":[188],"robust":[190],"mechanisms":[193],"operator.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
