{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125693710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2402393","title":"The 2014 General Video Game Playing Competition","display_name":"The 2014 General Video Game Playing Competition","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125693710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2402393","mag":"2125693710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2015.2402393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2402393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058274276","display_name":"Diego P\u00e9rez-Li\u00e9bana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diego Perez-Liebana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033216620","display_name":"Spyridon Samothrakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyridon Samothrakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077267552","display_name":"Julian Togelius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3128-4598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Togelius","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Brooklyn, New York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Brooklyn, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081322018","display_name":"Tom Schaul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Schaul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London","New York University, Brooklyn, New York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Brooklyn, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062380176","display_name":"Simon M. Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon M. Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027412360","display_name":"Adrien Cou\u00ebtoux","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrien Couetoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica, Institute of Information Science (IIS), Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica, Institute of Information Science (IIS), Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061903947","display_name":"Jerry W. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-5596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerry Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074329077","display_name":"Chong-U Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong-U Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112717680","display_name":"Tommy Thompson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22128151","display_name":"University of Derby","ror":"https://ror.org/02yhrrk59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommy Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Derby, Derby, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Derby, Derby, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058274276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.0069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99828477,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"229","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8007501363754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contest","display_name":"CONTEST","score":0.6096707582473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.607948899269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.5708797574043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game-design","display_name":"Video game design","score":0.5374719500541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-mechanics","display_name":"Game mechanics","score":0.4867277443408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.46075090765953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4495757818222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victory","display_name":"Victory","score":0.41479700803756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4108273983001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3662131428718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.34872788190841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3074522316455841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.21753144264221191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8007501363754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777582232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013414","display_name":"CONTEST","level":2,"score":0.6096707582473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.607948899269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5708797574043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47187476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12336660","display_name":"Video game design","level":3,"score":0.5374719500541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170828538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751513","display_name":"Game mechanics","level":2,"score":0.4867277443408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.46075090765953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4495757818222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779220109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50000","display_name":"Victory","level":3,"score":0.41479700803756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4108273983001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3662131428718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.34872788190841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3074522316455841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.21753144264221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2015.2402393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2402393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:14619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCIAIG.2015.2402393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1438942940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H048588/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10046430","https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W623571092","https://openalex.org/W1572584819","https://openalex.org/W1625390266","https://openalex.org/W1889013705","https://openalex.org/W1982000745","https://openalex.org/W1992065666","https://openalex.org/W2022149136","https://openalex.org/W2028208918","https://openalex.org/W2049843736","https://openalex.org/W2067279781","https://openalex.org/W2099587183","https://openalex.org/W2108012394","https://openalex.org/W2109910161","https://openalex.org/W2115804631","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2132266610","https://openalex.org/W2132625905","https://openalex.org/W2132990921","https://openalex.org/W2144230296","https://openalex.org/W2150468603","https://openalex.org/W2160237541","https://openalex.org/W2168405694","https://openalex.org/W2198035931","https://openalex.org/W2344163234","https://openalex.org/W2399790246","https://openalex.org/W3103780890","https://openalex.org/W4299335686","https://openalex.org/W6639581174","https://openalex.org/W6648515130","https://openalex.org/W6655910120","https://openalex.org/W6675434749","https://openalex.org/W6677314451","https://openalex.org/W6712922004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4231050501","https://openalex.org/W2974032926","https://openalex.org/W3095685693","https://openalex.org/W2086822623","https://openalex.org/W4288103881","https://openalex.org/W4311459595","https://openalex.org/W2972448646","https://openalex.org/W4295008850","https://openalex.org/W2735760507","https://openalex.org/W3014566183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,69,154],"paper":[1,155,185],"presents":[2],"the":[3,11,20,33,60,63,82,100,105,124,131,135,140,148,161,175,178,182,188,191,201],"framework,":[4],"rules,":[5],"games,":[6,54],"controllers,":[7],"and":[8,26,120,147,177,195],"results":[9],"of":[10,35,56,65,77,84,130,137,167,169,181,190],"first":[12],"General":[13],"Video":[14],"Game":[15],"Playing":[16],"Competition,":[17],"held":[18],"at":[19,62],"IEEE":[21],"Conference":[22],"on":[23],"Computational":[24],"Intelligence":[25],"Games":[27],"in":[28,110],"2014.":[29],"The":[30,92,184],"competition":[31],"proposes":[32,197],"challenge":[34],"creating":[36],"controllers":[37,158],"for":[38,123,200],"general":[39,78],"video":[40],"game":[41],"play,":[42],"where":[43],"a":[44,128,144],"single":[45],"agent":[46],"must":[47],"be":[48,72,89],"able":[49],"to":[50,59,88,103,133,142,150,160],"play":[51],"many":[52],"different":[53,113,192],"some":[55],"them":[57,170],"unknown":[58],"participants":[61],"time":[64,101],"submitting":[66],"their":[67,172],"entries.":[68],"test":[70],"can":[71],"seen":[73],"as":[74,81],"an":[75,164],"approximation":[76],"artificial":[79],"intelligence,":[80],"amount":[83],"game-dependent":[85],"heuristics":[86],"needs":[87],"severely":[90],"limited.":[91],"games":[93],"employed":[94],"are":[95],"stochastic":[96],"real-time":[97],"scenarios":[98],"(where":[99],"budget":[102],"provide":[104],"next":[106],"action":[107],"is":[108,127],"measured":[109],"milliseconds)":[111],"with":[112,163],"winning":[114],"conditions,":[115],"scoring":[116],"mechanisms,":[117],"sprite":[118],"types,":[119],"available":[121],"actions":[122],"player.":[125],"It":[126],"responsibility":[129],"agents":[132],"discover":[134],"mechanics":[136],"each":[138],"game,":[139],"requirements":[141],"obtain":[143],"high":[145],"score":[146],"requisites":[149],"finally":[151,196],"achieve":[152],"victory.":[153],"describes":[156],"all":[157],"submitted":[159],"competition,":[162],"in-depth":[165],"description":[166],"four":[168],"by":[171],"authors,":[173],"including":[174],"winner":[176],"runner-up":[179],"entries":[180],"contest.":[183],"also":[186],"analyzes":[187],"performance":[189],"approaches":[193],"submitted,":[194],"future":[198],"tracks":[199],"competition.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}