{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2312463915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","title":"A Hyperheuristic Methodology to Generate Adaptive Strategies for Games","display_name":"A Hyperheuristic Methodology to Generate Adaptive Strategies for Games","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2312463915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","mag":"2312463915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058225357","display_name":"Jiawei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-2615"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASAP research group, School of Computer Science, Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASAP research group, School of Computer Science, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074319022","display_name":"Graham Kendall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-5103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Kendall","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASAP research group, School of Computer Science, Nottingham, UK","University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASAP research group, School of Computer Science, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94074042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7560081481933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6960696578025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterated-function","display_name":"Iterated function","score":0.5350905656814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5161903500556946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4957045316696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4705415368080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.43271806836128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.40765416622161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33025264739990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19465786218643188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7560081481933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6960696578025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140479938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5254619","display_name":"Iterated function","level":2,"score":0.5350905656814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5161903500556946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4957045316696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4705415368080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.43271806836128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40765416622161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33025264739990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19465786218643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/23316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:49531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7017583/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:970353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/970353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2394780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6414137052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H000968/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7122244894","display_name":"Towards More Effective Computational Search","funder_award_id":"EP/H000968/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42525944","https://openalex.org/W62679374","https://openalex.org/W1504152172","https://openalex.org/W1537801732","https://openalex.org/W1599788132","https://openalex.org/W1814515812","https://openalex.org/W1969513389","https://openalex.org/W1974362268","https://openalex.org/W1976450472","https://openalex.org/W1977997977","https://openalex.org/W1986324265","https://openalex.org/W1997323965","https://openalex.org/W2000705537","https://openalex.org/W2022527706","https://openalex.org/W2039568841","https://openalex.org/W2047363889","https://openalex.org/W2056740053","https://openalex.org/W2056956492","https://openalex.org/W2058361071","https://openalex.org/W2061371531","https://openalex.org/W2062663664","https://openalex.org/W2067050450","https://openalex.org/W2080286264","https://openalex.org/W2086091780","https://openalex.org/W2090371674","https://openalex.org/W2096348520","https://openalex.org/W2097006520","https://openalex.org/W2109101401","https://openalex.org/W2116712480","https://openalex.org/W2133510907","https://openalex.org/W2140759234","https://openalex.org/W2155047985","https://openalex.org/W2155281098","https://openalex.org/W2156935749","https://openalex.org/W2185767780","https://openalex.org/W2331296304","https://openalex.org/W2334556283","https://openalex.org/W3102114426","https://openalex.org/W4236876623","https://openalex.org/W4240800715","https://openalex.org/W4240808765","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4321428174","https://openalex.org/W6635842219","https://openalex.org/W6681030992","https://openalex.org/W6682822477","https://openalex.org/W6686471297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W3177062893","https://openalex.org/W3125143773","https://openalex.org/W2007032764","https://openalex.org/W803550684","https://openalex.org/W2483226803","https://openalex.org/W4352977312","https://openalex.org/W1536056491","https://openalex.org/W2041180560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperheuristics":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2],"successfully":[3],"applied":[4],"in":[5,115],"solving":[6],"a":[7,18,29,36,58,63,104],"variety":[8],"of":[9,31,49,65],"computational":[10],"search":[11],"problems.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"paper,":[15],"we":[16,81],"investigate":[17],"hyperheuristic":[19,37,83,105],"methodology":[20,132],"to":[21,45,137],"generate":[22,41,121],"adaptive":[23,122],"strategies":[24,42,123,140],"for":[25,68,86,141],"games.":[26],"Based":[27],"on":[28,144],"set":[30],"low-level":[32,110,127],"heuristics":[33,67,128],"(or":[34],"strategies),":[35],"game":[38,54,77,84,106,116],"player":[39,107],"can":[40,71,120],"which":[43],"adapt":[44],"both":[46],"the":[47,50,53,95,109,126],"behavior":[48],"co-players":[51],"and":[52,94,118],"dynamics.":[55],"By":[56],"using":[57],"simple":[59],"heuristic":[60],"selection":[61],"mechanism,":[62],"number":[64],"existing":[66,145],"specialized":[69],"games":[70,142],"be":[72],"integrated":[73],"into":[74],"an":[75,134],"automated":[76],"player.":[78],"As":[79],"examples,":[80],"develop":[82,138],"players":[85],"three":[87],"games:":[88],"iterated":[89],"prisoner's":[90],"dilemma,":[91],"repeated":[92],"Goofspiel":[93],"competitive":[96],"traveling":[97],"salesmen":[98],"problem.":[99],"The":[100],"results":[101],"demonstrate":[102],"that":[103],"outperforms":[108],"heuristics,":[111],"when":[112],"used":[113],"individually":[114],"playing":[117],"it":[119],"even":[124],"if":[125],"are":[129],"deterministic.":[130],"This":[131],"provides":[133],"efficient":[135],"way":[136],"new":[139],"based":[143],"strategies.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}