{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022923563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2014.2345842","title":"Multiobjective Monte Carlo Tree Search for Real-Time Games","display_name":"Multiobjective Monte Carlo Tree Search for Real-Time Games","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022923563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2014.2345842","mag":"2022923563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2014.2345842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2014.2345842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058274276","display_name":"Diego P\u00e9rez-Li\u00e9bana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064569017","display_name":"Sanaz Mostaghim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-5227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanaz Mostaghim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Knowledge and Language Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Knowledge and Language Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033216620","display_name":"Spyridon Samothrakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyridon Samothrakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062380176","display_name":"Simon M. Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon M. Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8715885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"347","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.8868418335914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6661110520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6392472982406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.62003493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.6073998212814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.5279718041419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.4907754361629486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4303587079048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.41425979137420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31076157093048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23117443919181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2294035255908966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.19228163361549377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.8868418335914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6661110520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6392472982406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.62003493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.6073998212814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.5279718041419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.4907754361629486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4303587079048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41425979137420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31076157093048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23117443919181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2294035255908966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19228163361549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2014.2345842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2014.2345842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1438942940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H048588/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43710935","https://openalex.org/W61339854","https://openalex.org/W1504466744","https://openalex.org/W1504943474","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1625390266","https://openalex.org/W1974819972","https://openalex.org/W1979141062","https://openalex.org/W1997188340","https://openalex.org/W1998649829","https://openalex.org/W2012612381","https://openalex.org/W2020320008","https://openalex.org/W2038420231","https://openalex.org/W2039508948","https://openalex.org/W2043102780","https://openalex.org/W2046388239","https://openalex.org/W2049843736","https://openalex.org/W2075848246","https://openalex.org/W2080045911","https://openalex.org/W2093556003","https://openalex.org/W2105066050","https://openalex.org/W2116038421","https://openalex.org/W2117428849","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2132990921","https://openalex.org/W2136302345","https://openalex.org/W2140365369","https://openalex.org/W2141481921","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2150077224","https://openalex.org/W2155625359","https://openalex.org/W2182124586","https://openalex.org/W2232769049","https://openalex.org/W3012045285","https://openalex.org/W6601731843","https://openalex.org/W6645217003","https://openalex.org/W6675713325","https://openalex.org/W6677435986","https://openalex.org/W6677476811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994686097","https://openalex.org/W2906115061","https://openalex.org/W2977596624","https://openalex.org/W2145877535","https://openalex.org/W2744730182","https://openalex.org/W3134440233","https://openalex.org/W2751605210","https://openalex.org/W2068949283","https://openalex.org/W3151104768","https://openalex.org/W2419109832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiobjective":[0],"optimization":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"traditionally":[4],"a":[5,34,43,83,92],"matter":[6],"of":[7,38,86,96],"study":[8],"in":[9,30,54],"domains":[10],"like":[11],"engineering":[12],"or":[13,164],"finance,":[14],"with":[15],"little":[16],"impact":[17],"on":[18,24,124,131],"games":[19],"research.":[20],"However,":[21],"action-decision":[22],"based":[23],"multiobjective":[25,44,114],"evaluation":[26],"may":[27],"be":[28],"beneficial":[29],"order":[31],"to":[32,63,68,72,158,160],"obtain":[33],"high":[35],"quality":[36],"level":[37],"play.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"presents":[42],"Monte":[45,87],"Carlo":[46,88],"tree":[47,89],"search":[48,90,138],"algorithm":[49,100,144,155],"for":[50],"planning":[51],"and":[52,91,112],"control":[53],"real-time":[55],"game":[56],"domains,":[57],"those":[58],"where":[59],"the":[60,65,80,113,121,127,134,137,143,154,165],"time":[61],"budget":[62],"decide":[64],"next":[66],"move":[67],"make":[69],"is":[70,77,129,150,156],"close":[71],"40":[73],"ms.":[74],"A":[75],"comparison":[76],"made":[78],"between":[79],"proposed":[81,145],"algorithm,":[82],"single-objective":[84],"version":[85],"rolling":[93],"horizon":[94],"implementation":[95],"nondominated":[97],"sorting":[98],"evolutionary":[99],"II":[101],"(NSGA-II).":[102],"Two":[103],"different":[104,161],"benchmarks":[105],"are":[106],"employed,":[107],"deep":[108],"sea":[109],"treasure":[110],"(DST)":[111],"physical":[115],"traveling":[116],"salesman":[117],"problem":[118],"(MO-PTSP).":[119],"Using":[120],"same":[122],"heuristics":[123],"each":[125],"game,":[126],"analysis":[128],"focused":[130],"how":[132],"well":[133],"algorithms":[135],"explore":[136],"space.":[139],"Results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142,153],"outperforms":[146],"NSGA-II.":[147],"Additionally,":[148],"it":[149],"also":[151],"shown":[152],"able":[157],"converge":[159],"optimal":[162,166],"solutions":[163],"Pareto":[167],"front":[168],"(if":[169],"achieved":[170],"during":[171],"search).":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
