{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157228037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2011.2162842","title":"Generating Consistent Buildings: A Semantic Approach for Integrating Procedural Techniques","display_name":"Generating Consistent Buildings: A Semantic Approach for Integrating Procedural Techniques","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157228037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2011.2162842","mag":"2157228037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2011.2162842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2011.2162842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004621964","display_name":"Tim Tutenel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Tutenel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Graphics Group, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics Group, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021778206","display_name":"R.M. Smelik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben M. Smelik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modelling, Simulation and Gaming Department, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, The Hague, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modelling, Simulation and Gaming Department, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, The Hague, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002615466","display_name":"Ricardo Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1786-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Graphics Group, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics Group, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005356134","display_name":"Klaas Jan de Kraker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaas Jan de Kraker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modelling, Simulation and Gaming Department, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, The Hague, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modelling, Simulation and Gaming Department, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, The Hague, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073697092","display_name":"Rafael Bidarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-6019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Bidarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Graphics Group, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics Group, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004621964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97556234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"274","last_page":"288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8028354048728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roaming","display_name":"Roaming","score":0.583079993724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.5361592173576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5284259915351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.47326329350471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floor-plan","display_name":"Floor plan","score":0.44687631726264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4388171434402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.42367061972618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.2735736668109894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2637101411819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2592904567718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.15669703483581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10377860069274902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8028354048728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194498986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680016","display_name":"Roaming","level":2,"score":0.583079993724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5361592173576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5284259915351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.47326329350471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61056293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18965","display_name":"Floor plan","level":2,"score":0.44687631726264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4388171434402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.42367061972618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.2735736668109894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2637101411819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2592904567718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.15669703483581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10377860069274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tciaig.2011.2162842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2011.2162842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179349","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","issn_l":"1943-068X","issn":["1943-068X","1943-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.703.969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.703.969","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://graphics.tudelft.nl/%7Erafa/myPapers/bidarra.TCIAIG.2011b.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai-pmh.tno.nl:31475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.tno.nl/uuid:c72c6119-fdae-49f2-ae9a-8515184134ab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055233","display_name":"TNO Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, 3(3), pp. 274-288.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:c72c6119-fdae-49f2-ae9a-8515184134ab","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c72c6119-fdae-49f2-ae9a-8515184134ab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402238","display_name":"Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, 3, 3, 274-288","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1801799","https://openalex.org/W80124305","https://openalex.org/W85987006","https://openalex.org/W369039322","https://openalex.org/W1606835030","https://openalex.org/W1968445472","https://openalex.org/W1977371710","https://openalex.org/W1984443112","https://openalex.org/W1990824777","https://openalex.org/W2020094633","https://openalex.org/W2020563727","https://openalex.org/W2025336173","https://openalex.org/W2029631753","https://openalex.org/W2043334098","https://openalex.org/W2045475884","https://openalex.org/W2046278272","https://openalex.org/W2075498520","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2101383350","https://openalex.org/W2101545858","https://openalex.org/W2117088012","https://openalex.org/W2117741646","https://openalex.org/W2129981905","https://openalex.org/W2132455584","https://openalex.org/W2150188694","https://openalex.org/W2163641272","https://openalex.org/W2165479260","https://openalex.org/W2169026809","https://openalex.org/W2294154448","https://openalex.org/W4205503054","https://openalex.org/W4230472502","https://openalex.org/W4230564045","https://openalex.org/W6600075489","https://openalex.org/W6603522864","https://openalex.org/W6612563923","https://openalex.org/W6636277177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089318624","https://openalex.org/W2325661816","https://openalex.org/W2522718945","https://openalex.org/W4250863495","https://openalex.org/W2353865532","https://openalex.org/W2903433199","https://openalex.org/W2601855443","https://openalex.org/W2377584193","https://openalex.org/W2946647244","https://openalex.org/W2353399255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer":[0],"games":[1],"often":[2],"take":[3],"place":[4],"in":[5,108],"extensive":[6],"virtual":[7,16],"worlds,":[8],"attractive":[9],"for":[10,49,128],"roaming":[11],"and":[12,105,143,171],"exploring.":[13],"Unfortunately,":[14],"current":[15],"cities":[17],"can":[18,95],"strongly":[19],"hinder":[20],"this":[21,178],"kind":[22],"of":[23,58,132,137,140,149,159,187,196],"gameplay,":[24],"since":[25],"the":[26,56,109,130,147,157,184,193,197],"buildings":[27,64,100],"they":[28],"feature":[29],"typically":[30],"have":[31],"replicated":[32],"interiors,":[33,106],"or":[34],"no":[35],"interiors":[36],"at":[37],"all.":[38],"Procedural":[39],"content":[40],"generation":[41,169],"is":[42,65,126],"becoming":[43],"more":[44],"established,":[45],"with":[46,101,122],"many":[47],"techniques":[48,60,85,94,120],"automatically":[50],"creating":[51],"specific":[52],"building":[53,133],"elements.":[54],"However,":[55],"integration":[57,158],"these":[59],"to":[61,72,86,98,182],"form":[62],"complete":[63],"still":[66],"largely":[67],"unexplored,":[68],"limiting":[69],"their":[70],"application":[71],"open":[73],"game":[74],"worlds.":[75],"We":[76,145,175],"propose":[77],"a":[78,115,123,138,160],"novel":[79],"approach":[80,151,179],"that":[81,177],"integrates":[82],"existing":[83,188],"procedural":[84,119,189],"generate":[87],"such":[88],"buildings.":[89,199],"With":[90],"minimal":[91],"extensions,":[92],"individual":[93,185],"be":[96],"coordinated":[97],"create":[99],"consistently":[102],"interrelated":[103],"exteriors":[104],"as":[107],"real":[110],"world.":[111],"Our":[112],"solution":[113],"offers":[114],"framework":[116],"where":[117],"various":[118],"communicate":[121],"moderator,":[124],"which":[125],"responsible":[127],"negotiating":[129],"placement":[131,173],"elements,":[134],"making":[135],"use":[136],"library":[139],"semantic":[141],"classes":[142],"constraints.":[144],"demonstrate":[146],"applicability":[148],"our":[150],"by":[152],"presenting":[153],"several":[154],"examples":[155],"featuring":[156],"fa\u00e7ade":[161],"shape":[162],"grammar,":[163],"two":[164],"different":[165],"floor":[166],"plan":[167],"layout":[168],"techniques,":[170,190],"furniture":[172],"techniques.":[174],"conclude":[176],"allows":[180],"one":[181],"preserve":[183],"qualities":[186],"while":[191],"assisting":[192],"consistency":[194],"maintenance":[195],"generated":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}