{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128643605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2026.3663911","title":"High-Resolution Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Radar Sparse Imaging Using Efficient 2D-SLIM","display_name":"High-Resolution Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Radar Sparse Imaging Using Efficient 2D-SLIM","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128643605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2026.3663911"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2026.3663911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2026.3663911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125638054","display_name":"Ting Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15823474","display_name":"Linyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01knv0402","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-2546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025155285","display_name":"Hongyin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-9004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-9004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Da Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9866-5419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9866-5419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712950","display_name":"Hao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-3032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058136585","display_name":"Liying Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-0550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liying Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-0550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125680942","display_name":"Xing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15823474","display_name":"Linyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01knv0402","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-3894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071890776","display_name":"Jiuru Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15823474","display_name":"Linyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01knv0402","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiuru Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.3515,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96539702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"614","last_page":"629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.5099999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.5099999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.12129999697208405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.11829999834299088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.47369998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kronecker-product","display_name":"Kronecker product","score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonality","display_name":"Orthogonality","score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.3125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.47369998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46030957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238125","display_name":"Kronecker product","level":3,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156872377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786281","display_name":"Matching pursuit","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70958404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512728","display_name":"Signal reconstruction","level":4,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145177509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse array","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219637","display_name":"Bessel function","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2026.3663911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2026.3663911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8690692186355591,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3084707975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62501133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8064904371","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u53e0\u5c42\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6da1\u65cb\u9635\u5217\u96f7\u8fbe\u7a00\u758f\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124252998","https://openalex.org/W2169481269","https://openalex.org/W2169652966","https://openalex.org/W2315923703","https://openalex.org/W2319113290","https://openalex.org/W2517960443","https://openalex.org/W2549254572","https://openalex.org/W2758730779","https://openalex.org/W2781068178","https://openalex.org/W2799460899","https://openalex.org/W2919039758","https://openalex.org/W2972544093","https://openalex.org/W2980226185","https://openalex.org/W3030024815","https://openalex.org/W3030142870","https://openalex.org/W3112449599","https://openalex.org/W3128729049","https://openalex.org/W3130011503","https://openalex.org/W3154402150","https://openalex.org/W3158230545","https://openalex.org/W4205320094","https://openalex.org/W4206336132","https://openalex.org/W4210581677","https://openalex.org/W4239047583","https://openalex.org/W4251578279","https://openalex.org/W4285155401","https://openalex.org/W4289950786","https://openalex.org/W4293409666","https://openalex.org/W4312693557","https://openalex.org/W4313270727","https://openalex.org/W4313639528","https://openalex.org/W4313855714","https://openalex.org/W4321780056","https://openalex.org/W4378805022","https://openalex.org/W4379528726","https://openalex.org/W4386952489","https://openalex.org/W4399400268","https://openalex.org/W4399882118","https://openalex.org/W4399939382","https://openalex.org/W4400314668","https://openalex.org/W4401634221","https://openalex.org/W4404132905","https://openalex.org/W4405520347","https://openalex.org/W4405934268","https://openalex.org/W4409943860"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vortex":[0],"electromagnetic":[1],"wave":[2],"(VEMW)":[3],"radar,":[4],"leveraging":[5,174],"orbital":[6],"angular":[7],"momentum":[8],"(OAM)":[9],"modes":[10,227],"for":[11,21],"azimuthal":[12],"information":[13],"encoding,":[14],"has":[15],"emerged":[16],"as":[17],"a":[18,96,153,209],"promising":[19],"technology":[20],"high-resolution":[22],"staring":[23],"imaging.":[24],"However,":[25],"its":[26],"performance":[27,220],"is":[28],"fundamentally":[29],"constrained":[30],"by":[31,133],"the":[32,114,127,134,140,181,194],"Bessel":[33,136],"function":[34],"modulation":[35],"(BFM)":[36],"effect":[37],"and":[38,48,67,107,146,168,178,189,208,234],"limited":[39,225],"OAM":[40,108,147,226],"mode":[41,109,148],"availability,":[42],"leading":[43],"to":[44,125,238],"azimuth-range":[45],"coupling":[46],"artifacts":[47],"energy":[49,130],"inefficiency.":[50],"Existing":[51],"compressive":[52],"sensing":[53],"(CS)":[54],"methods,":[55],"particularly":[56],"conventional":[57],"sparse":[58,80],"recovery":[59],"techniques,":[60],"struggle":[61],"with":[62,90],"sidelobe":[63],"interference,":[64],"noise":[65],"sensitivity,":[66],"computational":[68],"bottlenecks.":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"these":[72],"challenges,":[73],"this":[74],"paper":[75],"proposes":[76],"an":[77,120,198],"efficient":[78],"two-dimensional":[79],"learning":[81],"via":[82],"iterative":[83],"minimization":[84],"(2D-SLIM)":[85],"framework,":[86],"integrating":[87],"physics-driven":[88],"preprocessing":[89],"accelerated":[91],"optimization.":[92],"First,":[93],"we":[94,118,151],"establish":[95],"comprehensive":[97],"VEMW":[98],"radar":[99],"signal":[100],"model":[101],"that":[102,193],"explicitly":[103],"incorporates":[104],"BFM":[105],"effects":[106],"orthogonality.":[110],"Second,":[111],"building":[112],"upon":[113],"beam":[115],"steering":[116],"strategy,":[117],"introduce":[119],"explicit":[121],"analytical":[122],"compensation":[123],"factor":[124],"suppress":[126],"azimuth":[128,144],"dependent":[129],"attenuation":[131],"caused":[132],"squared":[135],"term,":[137],"thereby":[138],"restoring":[139],"Fourier":[141],"duality":[142],"between":[143],"angles":[145],"indices.":[149],"Third,":[150],"develop":[152],"dimensionally":[154],"consistent":[155],"2D":[156],"conjugate":[157],"gradient":[158],"least":[159],"squares":[160],"(2D-CGLS)":[161],"algorithm,":[162],"incorporating":[163],"adaptive":[164],"Barzilai-Borwein":[165],"step":[166],"sizes":[167],"non-convex":[169],"group":[170],"sparsity":[171],"regularization.":[172],"By":[173],"Kronecker":[175],"product":[176],"factorization":[177],"matrix-form":[179],"operations,":[180],"framework":[182],"eliminates":[183],"redundant":[184],"vector-to-matrix":[185],"conversions.":[186],"Extensive":[187],"numerical":[188],"EM":[190],"simulations":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"proposed":[195],"method":[196],"achieves":[197],"improvement":[199],"of":[200,224],"more":[201,212],"than":[202,213],"20%":[203],"in":[204],"image":[205],"correlation":[206],"value":[207],"convergence":[210],"rate":[211],"30%":[214],"faster,":[215],"while":[216],"maintaining":[217],"robust":[218],"imaging":[219],"under":[221],"challenging":[222],"conditions":[223],"(e.g.,":[228],"|":[229,230],"20":[231],"\u03b1":[232],"\u2264)":[233],"low":[235],"SNR":[236],"(down":[237],"-5":[239],"dB),":[240],"outperforming":[241],"several":[242],"established":[243],"CS":[244],"techniques.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2026-02-12T00:00:00"}
