{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414603368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2025.3615397","title":"Semi-Analytical Super-Resolution X-Space Reconstruction for Magnetic Particle Imaging Scanner via Adaptive Kernel Optimization","display_name":"Semi-Analytical Super-Resolution X-Space Reconstruction for Magnetic Particle Imaging Scanner via Adaptive Kernel Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414603368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2025.3615397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2025.3615397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2025.3615397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074168835","display_name":"Yanjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-8488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101638790","display_name":"Lei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-1311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620993","display_name":"Guanghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-3599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088006735","display_name":"Siao Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-0596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siao Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052917670","display_name":"Dingna Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-9789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deshang Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101449693","display_name":"Yang Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1855-4654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066581555","display_name":"Peng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-5289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101944332","display_name":"Xin Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-8486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101340979","display_name":"Yu An","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717510","display_name":"Hui Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-4232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429272","display_name":"Jie Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-1870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Medicine and the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074168835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27296235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1404","last_page":"1418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11786","display_name":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-particle-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic particle imaging","score":0.8765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.6474999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.6381999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-function","display_name":"Basis function","score":0.4862000048160553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140722275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1884331","display_name":"Magnetic particle imaging","level":4,"score":0.8765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.691100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.6474999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6381999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5917680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621825","display_name":"Basis function","level":2,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69179731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510427","display_name":"Point spread function","level":2,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2025.3615397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2025.3615397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983277479","https://openalex.org/W2031347382","https://openalex.org/W2034550196","https://openalex.org/W2043810189","https://openalex.org/W2054699716","https://openalex.org/W2055648254","https://openalex.org/W2058917901","https://openalex.org/W2093418626","https://openalex.org/W2108403971","https://openalex.org/W2115091041","https://openalex.org/W2126407179","https://openalex.org/W2128555254","https://openalex.org/W2152046459","https://openalex.org/W2607206317","https://openalex.org/W2738998152","https://openalex.org/W2779652056","https://openalex.org/W2896481381","https://openalex.org/W2911278620","https://openalex.org/W2954120652","https://openalex.org/W2970869209","https://openalex.org/W2981337538","https://openalex.org/W3005376409","https://openalex.org/W3026363746","https://openalex.org/W3093595123","https://openalex.org/W3184922250","https://openalex.org/W4210405547","https://openalex.org/W4210917858","https://openalex.org/W4225613577","https://openalex.org/W4229457863","https://openalex.org/W4230713808","https://openalex.org/W4280553482","https://openalex.org/W4285034124","https://openalex.org/W4286541177","https://openalex.org/W4296964356","https://openalex.org/W4298119178","https://openalex.org/W4311171451","https://openalex.org/W4312453216","https://openalex.org/W4313547771","https://openalex.org/W4321612910","https://openalex.org/W4323897045","https://openalex.org/W4385453273","https://openalex.org/W4389203425","https://openalex.org/W4389494909","https://openalex.org/W4389610086","https://openalex.org/W4391097120","https://openalex.org/W4391847126","https://openalex.org/W4392123276","https://openalex.org/W4392909873","https://openalex.org/W4396853354","https://openalex.org/W4399427818","https://openalex.org/W4399512915","https://openalex.org/W4399716999","https://openalex.org/W4403977038","https://openalex.org/W4404487064","https://openalex.org/W4404563067","https://openalex.org/W4412623232"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"Particle":[1],"Imaging":[2],"(MPI)":[3],"is":[4,28,89],"an":[5],"emerging":[6],"biomedical":[7],"imaging":[8],"technique.":[9],"The":[10],"x-space":[11,51,145],"method,":[12],"one":[13],"of":[14],"the":[15,66,71,84,129],"mainstream":[16],"reconstruction":[17,47],"methods":[18],"in":[19,148,159],"MPI,":[20],"offers":[21],"high":[22,38],"efficiency":[23],"and":[24,35,94,132,140,158,173,176],"real-time":[25],"capabilities":[26],"but":[27],"limited":[29],"by":[30],"theoretical":[31,67],"spatial":[32,62,98,138],"resolution":[33,63,139],"constraints":[34],"typically":[36],"necessitates":[37],"gradient":[39],"magnetic":[40],"fields.":[41],"This":[42],"study":[43],"introduces":[44],"a":[45,55,61,79,106],"semi-analytical":[46],"(Semi-AR)":[48],"method":[49],"for":[50],"MPI":[52,73,119,170,179],"scanner,":[53],"incorporating":[54],"kernel":[56],"optimization":[57],"step":[58],"to":[59,104,127,143],"achieve":[60],"better":[64],"than":[65],"limit.":[68],"By":[69],"modeling":[70],"xspace":[72],"system":[74],"with":[75,109,121],"focus-field":[76,123],"sequences":[77,124],"as":[78],"linear":[80],"shift":[81],"invariant":[82],"system,":[83],"point":[85],"spread":[86],"function":[87],"(PSF)":[88],"decomposed":[90],"into":[91,169],"basis":[92],"functions":[93,101],"variants":[95],"across":[96],"different":[97],"frequencies.":[99],"These":[100],"are":[102],"weighted":[103],"reconstruct":[105],"highresolution":[107],"PSF,":[108],"optimal":[110],"weights":[111],"adaptively":[112],"determined":[113],"via":[114],"quadratic":[115],"programming.":[116],"A":[117],"mouse-sized":[118],"scanner":[120,171],"3D":[122],"was":[125],"developed":[126],"evaluate":[128],"method.":[130],"Simulation":[131],"experimental":[133],"results":[134],"showcase":[135],"Semi-AR's":[136,164],"superior":[137],"robustness":[141],"compared":[142],"existing":[144],"techniques,":[146],"particularly":[147],"detecting":[149],"low-brightness":[150],"targets":[151],"near":[152],"highlighted":[153],"non-target":[154],"organs.":[155],"Both":[156],"phantom":[157],"vivo":[160],"experiments":[161],"robustly":[162],"validate":[163],"effectiveness,":[165],"providing":[166],"new":[167],"insights":[168],"development,":[172],"advancing":[174],"preclinical":[175],"potential":[177],"clinical":[178],"applications.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}