{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137348383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2021.3126533","title":"iToF2dToF: A Robust and Flexible Representation for Data-Driven Time-of-Flight Imaging","display_name":"iToF2dToF: A Robust and Flexible Representation for Data-Driven Time-of-Flight Imaging","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137348383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2021.3126533","mag":"3137348383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2021.3126533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2021.3126533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2103.07087","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102908515","display_name":"Felipe Gutierrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6378-168X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Gutierrez-Barragan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228 Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706 (e-mail: fgutierrez3@wisc.edu)","[Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228 Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706 (e-mail: fgutierrez3@wisc.edu)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228 Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706 (e-mail: fgutierrez3@wisc.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228 Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706 (e-mail: fgutierrez3@wisc.edu)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038865931","display_name":"Huaijin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-149X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096655","display_name":"Samjin Pharm (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3nxd66","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096655"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaijin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["SenseBrain Technology Ltd., San Jose, California, United States, 95131 (e-mail: huaijin.chen@gmail.com)","[SenseBrain Technology Ltd., San Jose, California, United States, 95131 (e-mail: huaijin.chen@gmail.com)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SenseBrain Technology Ltd., San Jose, California, United States, 95131 (e-mail: huaijin.chen@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096655"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[SenseBrain Technology Ltd., San Jose, California, United States, 95131 (e-mail: huaijin.chen@gmail.com)]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074353153","display_name":"Mohit Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohit Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706-1613 (e-mail: mohitg@cs.wisc.edu)","[Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706-1613 (e-mail: mohitg@cs.wisc.edu)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706-1613 (e-mail: mohitg@cs.wisc.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53706-1613 (e-mail: mohitg@cs.wisc.edu)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058842115","display_name":"Andreas Velten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-828X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Velten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Medical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53717 (e-mail: velten@wisc.edu)","[Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Medical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53717 (e-mail: velten@wisc.edu)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Medical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53717 (e-mail: velten@wisc.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Medical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53717 (e-mail: velten@wisc.edu)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370029","display_name":"Jinwei Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-8237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwei Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["R&D, SenseTime Research, San Jose, California, United States, 95110 (e-mail: gujinwei@gmail.com)","[R&D, SenseTime Research, San Jose, California, United States, 95110 (e-mail: gujinwei@gmail.com)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R&D, SenseTime Research, San Jose, California, United States, 95110 (e-mail: gujinwei@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[R&D, SenseTime Research, San Jose, California, United States, 95110 (e-mail: gujinwei@gmail.com)]","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102908515"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82346515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1205","last_page":"1214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.7724332809448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7594799995422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.7083749175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.508859395980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.47650471329689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.4519554674625397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44118720293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4410477876663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41856321692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40999892354011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39159226417541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10313695669174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10299500823020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08431881666183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07175889611244202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7724332809448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7594799995422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7083749175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.508859395980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.47650471329689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.4519554674625397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44118720293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4410477876663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41856321692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40999892354011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39159226417541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10313695669174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10299500823020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08431881666183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07175889611244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2021.3126533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2021.3126533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3137348383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2103.07087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.07087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.07087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3137348383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2103.07087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W999904924","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1564611446","https://openalex.org/W1682800831","https://openalex.org/W1826919311","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1937534317","https://openalex.org/W1976088710","https://openalex.org/W1979306294","https://openalex.org/W1984039196","https://openalex.org/W2028868706","https://openalex.org/W2031914226","https://openalex.org/W2031980170","https://openalex.org/W2033235976","https://openalex.org/W2038643807","https://openalex.org/W2062090038","https://openalex.org/W2072400982","https://openalex.org/W2076954462","https://openalex.org/W2111460811","https://openalex.org/W2112585141","https://openalex.org/W2129804534","https://openalex.org/W2168894291","https://openalex.org/W2177564859","https://openalex.org/W2314059154","https://openalex.org/W2344346014","https://openalex.org/W2461218512","https://openalex.org/W2465446308","https://openalex.org/W2547798018","https://openalex.org/W2592827124","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2738545246","https://openalex.org/W2738798903","https://openalex.org/W2766839578","https://openalex.org/W2768431869","https://openalex.org/W2783538964","https://openalex.org/W2787942540","https://openalex.org/W2790853419","https://openalex.org/W2798677834","https://openalex.org/W2799224898","https://openalex.org/W2884480653","https://openalex.org/W2886976252","https://openalex.org/W2904669139","https://openalex.org/W2912555761","https://openalex.org/W2914535147","https://openalex.org/W2948497665","https://openalex.org/W2953543497","https://openalex.org/W2954563178","https://openalex.org/W2959715667","https://openalex.org/W2964306106","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2989809735","https://openalex.org/W2991860863","https://openalex.org/W3010577160","https://openalex.org/W3010871426","https://openalex.org/W3034300905","https://openalex.org/W3103145119","https://openalex.org/W3104976876","https://openalex.org/W3106403396","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6689185339","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912555761","https://openalex.org/W3011216818","https://openalex.org/W2972291985","https://openalex.org/W2133754389","https://openalex.org/W3080398103","https://openalex.org/W3135597900","https://openalex.org/W2750537432","https://openalex.org/W3170566000","https://openalex.org/W2971019507","https://openalex.org/W2810870897","https://openalex.org/W3177308017","https://openalex.org/W2043867802","https://openalex.org/W1992025166","https://openalex.org/W3104299208","https://openalex.org/W2224966657","https://openalex.org/W2975084818","https://openalex.org/W2969797631","https://openalex.org/W2901175772","https://openalex.org/W2118001888","https://openalex.org/W2984477042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indirect":[0],"Time-of-Flight":[1],"(iToF)":[2],"cameras":[3],"are":[4,12,112],"a":[5,34],"promising":[6],"depth":[7,108,143],"sensing":[8,109,144],"technology.":[9],"However,":[10],"they":[11],"prone":[13],"to":[14,63,78,114],"errors":[15],"caused":[16],"by":[17,32],"multi-path":[18],"interference":[19],"(MPI)":[20],"and":[21,46,75,117],"low":[22,115],"signal-to-noise":[23],"ratio":[24],"(SNR).":[25],"Traditional":[26],"methods,":[27],"after":[28],"denoising,":[29],"mitigate":[30,47],"MPI":[31,48],"estimating":[33],"transient":[35,56,66,81,89,97],"image":[36],"that":[37,43,111,123],"encodes":[38],"depths.":[39],"Recently,":[40],"data-driven":[41,69],"methods":[42,140],"jointly":[44],"denoise":[45],"have":[49],"become":[50],"state-of-the-art":[51],"without":[52],"using":[53],"the":[54,65,80,134],"intermediate":[55],"representation.":[57,67],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,71,91],"propose":[62],"revisit":[64],"Using":[68],"priors,":[70],"interpolate/extrapolate":[72],"iToF":[73],"frequencies":[74],"use":[76],"them":[77],"estimate":[79],"image.":[82],"Given":[83],"direct":[84],"ToF":[85],"(dToF)":[86],"sensors":[87],"capture":[88],"images,":[90],"name":[92],"our":[93],"method":[94],"iToF2dToF.":[95],"The":[96],"representation":[98],"is":[99],"flexible.":[100],"It":[101],"can":[102,118],"be":[103],"integrated":[104],"with":[105,120],"different":[106],"rule-based":[107],"algorithms":[110],"robust":[113],"SNR":[116],"deal":[119],"ambiguous":[121],"scenarios":[122],"arise":[124],"in":[125,141],"practice":[126],"(e.g.,":[127],"specular":[128],"MPI,":[129],"optical":[130],"cross-talk).":[131],"We":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"benefits":[135],"of":[136],"iToF2dToF":[137],"over":[138],"previous":[139],"real":[142],"scenarios.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
