{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201169059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2021.3112117","title":"EasySpec: Automatic Specular Reflection Detection and Suppression From Endoscopic Images","display_name":"EasySpec: Automatic Specular Reflection Detection and Suppression From Endoscopic Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201169059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2021.3112117","mag":"3201169059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2021.3112117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2021.3112117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020542342","display_name":"Patrice Monkam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-9457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrice Monkam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation, Tsinghua University, 12442 Beijing, Beijing, China, 100084 (e-mail: patrice123china1@gmail.com)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation, Tsinghua University, 12442 Beijing, Beijing, China, 100084 (e-mail: patrice123china1@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102017415","display_name":"Jing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-6181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation, Tsinghua University, 12442 Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: wujing.data@foxmail.com)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation, Tsinghua University, 12442 Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: wujing.data@foxmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011509629","display_name":"Wenkai Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-2144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkai Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation, Information processing, Beijing, China, 100084 (e-mail: lwkmf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation, Information processing, Beijing, China, 100084 (e-mail: lwkmf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006897218","display_name":"Wenjun Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1894-1402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 12442 Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: swj19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 12442 Beijing, Beijing, China, (e-mail: swj19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353664","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-614X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147433","display_name":"Beijing Friendship Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/053qy4437","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China, (e-mail: Hughie@ccmu.edu.cn)","Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China, (e-mail: Hughie@ccmu.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I4210147433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147433","https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039776984","display_name":"Yuhao Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147433","display_name":"Beijing Friendship Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/053qy4437","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhaiyuhao@ccmu.edu.cn)","Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China, (e-mail: zhaiyuhao@ccmu.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I4210147433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147433","https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020542342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85114379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1031","last_page":"1043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.9176671504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7750290632247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7711765766143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-highlight","display_name":"Specular highlight","score":0.7664271593093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7188237905502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inpainting","display_name":"Inpainting","score":0.630012035369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5769614577293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4946710765361786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4592037796974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2803109288215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.11868700385093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09034234285354614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.9176671504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7750290632247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7711765766143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50045419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575328","display_name":"Specular highlight","level":3,"score":0.7664271593093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7188237905502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11727466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628157","display_name":"Inpainting","level":3,"score":0.630012035369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5769614577293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4946710765361786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4592037796974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2803109288215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.11868700385093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09034234285354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2021.3112117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2021.3112117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2518711674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41674116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3078455064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3737288173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0702501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1501412329","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1973222763","https://openalex.org/W1993120651","https://openalex.org/W2008359794","https://openalex.org/W2034269173","https://openalex.org/W2049372418","https://openalex.org/W2054366734","https://openalex.org/W2085825493","https://openalex.org/W2100415658","https://openalex.org/W2105038642","https://openalex.org/W2124113591","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2169575425","https://openalex.org/W2295947518","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2508338119","https://openalex.org/W2538743751","https://openalex.org/W2557414982","https://openalex.org/W2560328367","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2581288980","https://openalex.org/W2604681326","https://openalex.org/W2605897185","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2738588019","https://openalex.org/W2742648491","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2789595175","https://openalex.org/W2793160340","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2796497685","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2798365772","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2900570535","https://openalex.org/W2901084129","https://openalex.org/W2918252648","https://openalex.org/W2923997689","https://openalex.org/W2948506135","https://openalex.org/W2954876976","https://openalex.org/W2962925737","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2975235098","https://openalex.org/W2982763192","https://openalex.org/W2995993342","https://openalex.org/W2996106355","https://openalex.org/W2996952120","https://openalex.org/W2998595069","https://openalex.org/W3008738260","https://openalex.org/W3026446890","https://openalex.org/W3034373787","https://openalex.org/W3038085091","https://openalex.org/W3087303829","https://openalex.org/W3093819743","https://openalex.org/W3102722996","https://openalex.org/W3105367394","https://openalex.org/W3105496276","https://openalex.org/W3109654850","https://openalex.org/W3128170672","https://openalex.org/W3144890709","https://openalex.org/W3148142747","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6750469568","https://openalex.org/W6750532062","https://openalex.org/W6750997056","https://openalex.org/W6782432026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754432226","https://openalex.org/W2123465971","https://openalex.org/W1955154017","https://openalex.org/W2508338119","https://openalex.org/W2359814477","https://openalex.org/W2027988061","https://openalex.org/W2144748262","https://openalex.org/W2588962948","https://openalex.org/W2004095265","https://openalex.org/W3048144071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,115],"outcome":[1],"of":[2,12,74,107,123,152],"endoscopic":[3,28,68,141,190,204],"tasks":[4],"can":[5,218],"be":[6],"significantly":[7],"affected":[8],"by":[9],"the":[10,105,121,153,165],"presence":[11],"specular":[13,22,45,65,137,159,205],"reflections.":[14],"Although":[15],"numerous":[16],"methods":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"proposed":[20,71,146,200],"for":[21,61,134],"reflection":[23,138,206],"detection":[24,78],"and":[25,39,54,63,80,111,130,164,179,185,217,223],"suppression":[26,82,207],"from":[27,67,161,193],"images,":[29],"they":[30],"are":[31],"inefficient,":[32],"usually":[33],"require":[34],"tedious":[35],"empirical":[36],"parameters":[37],"selection,":[38],"perform":[40],"poorly":[41],"when":[42],"handling":[43],"large":[44],"regions.":[46],"To":[47],"this":[48],"end,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"a":[52,77,81,90,99,128,227],"robust":[53],"efficient":[55],"deep":[56,124],"learning":[57,110],"framework":[58],"termed":[59,148],"EasySpec":[60,72,201,210],"identifying":[62],"suppressing":[64],"reflections":[66],"images.":[69,182],"Our":[70,145],"consists":[73],"two":[75],"stages:":[76],"stage":[79,86,117],"stage.":[83],"former":[85],"is":[87,96,118,143],"performed":[88],"using":[89],"lightweight":[91],"UNet-variant":[92],"dubbed":[93],"Scaled-UNet,":[94],"which":[95,174,231],"trained":[97],"exploiting":[98],"novel":[100],"hybrid":[101],"strategy":[102],"that":[103,198],"integrates":[104],"advantages":[106],"both":[108],"transfer":[109],"weakly":[112],"supervised":[113],"techniques.":[114],"latter":[116],"achieved":[119],"utilizing":[120],"concept":[122],"image":[125],"inpainting.":[126],"Specifically,":[127,209],"new":[129],"fast":[131],"end-to-end":[132],"approach":[133,147],"inpainting":[135],"multi-size":[136],"regions":[139],"in":[140,226],"images":[142],"developed.":[144],"GatedResUNet,":[149],"takes":[150],"advantage":[151],"gated":[154],"convolution":[155],"to":[156,168],"accurately":[157],"differentiate":[158],"pixels":[160],"non-specular":[162],"pixels,":[163],"U-Net":[166],"architecture":[167],"learn":[169],"multi-level":[170],"semantic":[171],"representative":[172],"features,":[173],"helps":[175],"reconstruct":[176,220],"more":[177],"realistic":[178],"semantically":[180],"plausible":[181],"Extensive":[183],"qualitative":[184],"quantitative":[186],"experiments":[187],"on":[188,213],"several":[189],"datasets":[191],"acquired":[192],"different":[194],"MIS":[195,215],"scenes":[196],"reveal":[197],"our":[199],"outperforms":[202],"state-of-the-art":[203],"approaches.":[208],"generalizes":[211],"well":[212],"various":[214],"scenes,":[216],"properly":[219],"blood":[221],"vessels":[222],"fine":[224],"details":[225],"reasonable":[228],"processing":[229],"time,":[230],"validates":[232],"its":[233],"practical":[234],"significance.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}