{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906859782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2018.2889959","title":"Multilevel Features Convolutional Neural Network for Multifocus Image Fusion","display_name":"Multilevel Features Convolutional Neural Network for Multifocus Image Fusion","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906859782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2018.2889959","mag":"2906859782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2018.2889959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2018.2889959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111595030","display_name":"Yong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-8783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59649739","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmyj29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064130824","display_name":"Zhipeng Nie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59649739","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmyj29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076023006","display_name":"Shuying Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-8461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59649739","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmyj29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and Communication Engineering, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and Communication Engineering, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689959","display_name":"Pan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-905X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174442536","display_name":"South Central Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d7sax13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174442536"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174442536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102775414","display_name":"Jiahua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3402-568X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59649739","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmyj29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111595030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2217,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98508992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"262","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.79823899269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6979192495346069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6839897632598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.6555685997009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5787988305091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5745854377746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5558910965919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.536865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5186378359794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-filter","display_name":"Gaussian filter","score":0.46861228346824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4365725517272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4152454733848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.4142165184020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.41405385732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.39489009976387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.30752211809158325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.79823899269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6979192495346069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6839897632598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.6555685997009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5787988305091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5745854377746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5558910965919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.536865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5186378359794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65892221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113935","display_name":"Gaussian filter","level":3,"score":0.46861228346824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4365725517272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4152454733848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.4142165184020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41405385732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39489009976387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.30752211809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tci.2018.2889959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tci.2018.2889959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233665","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","issn_l":"2333-9403","issn":["2333-9403","2573-0436"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1289611775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJLD14031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1347229921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61862030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3114494415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61662026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G369038580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20181BAB202010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G607909011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GJJ170318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6088551828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20182BCB22006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6388478615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61462031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6851986924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GJJ170312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1916731006","https://openalex.org/W1964641132","https://openalex.org/W1980382026","https://openalex.org/W1994616697","https://openalex.org/W1997480692","https://openalex.org/W1999034606","https://openalex.org/W2002285735","https://openalex.org/W2010307644","https://openalex.org/W2020442368","https://openalex.org/W2028555274","https://openalex.org/W2039465985","https://openalex.org/W2057769475","https://openalex.org/W2058424987","https://openalex.org/W2082506960","https://openalex.org/W2083388902","https://openalex.org/W2091484864","https://openalex.org/W2103504761","https://openalex.org/W2108283046","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2114207195","https://openalex.org/W2116702374","https://openalex.org/W2131168375","https://openalex.org/W2146353910","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2166339695","https://openalex.org/W2168783614","https://openalex.org/W2170163526","https://openalex.org/W2339983363","https://openalex.org/W2474462684","https://openalex.org/W2522703671","https://openalex.org/W2559870345","https://openalex.org/W2589073776","https://openalex.org/W2742180631","https://openalex.org/W2773950452","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W4231697575","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6725739302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494338568","https://openalex.org/W1495042958","https://openalex.org/W2122678784","https://openalex.org/W2282510344","https://openalex.org/W139987158","https://openalex.org/W2183994405","https://openalex.org/W2357322570","https://openalex.org/W1875646599","https://openalex.org/W1976807322","https://openalex.org/W2349023125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multifocus":[0],"image":[1,14,35,125,148],"fusion":[2,149],"is":[3,101,126],"an":[4],"important":[5],"technique":[6],"that":[7,141],"aims":[8],"to":[9,49,72,85,90,115],"generate":[10],"a":[11,25,66,112,130],"single":[12],"clean":[13],"by":[15,103,111],"fusing":[16],"multiple":[17],"input":[18],"images.":[19],"In":[20,37,76],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,64],"propose":[24],"novel":[26],"multilevel":[27],"features":[28,42],"convolutional":[29],"neural":[30],"network":[31],"(MLFCNN)":[32],"architecture":[33],"for":[34],"fusion.":[36],"the":[38,50,57,61,74,79,92,97,117,122,134,142],"MLFCNN":[39,88],"model,":[40],"all":[41],"learned":[43],"from":[44],"previous":[45,58],"layers":[46],"are":[47,83],"passed":[48],"subsequent":[51,62],"layer.":[52],"Inside":[53],"every":[54],"path":[55],"between":[56],"layer":[59],"and":[60,106,109,156],"layer,":[63],"add":[65],"1":[67,69],"\u00d7":[68],"convolution":[70],"module":[71],"reduce":[73],"redundancy.":[75],"our":[77,86],"method,":[78],"source":[80],"images":[81],"first":[82],"fed":[84],"pre-trained":[87],"model":[89],"obtain":[91,116],"initial":[93,98],"focus":[94,99],"map.":[95,120,136],"Then,":[96],"map":[100],"performed":[102],"morphological":[104],"opening":[105],"closing":[107],"operations":[108],"followed":[110],"Gaussian":[113],"filter":[114],"final":[118],"decision":[119,135],"Finally,":[121],"fused":[123],"all-in-focus":[124],"generated":[127],"based":[128],"on":[129],"weighted-sum":[131],"strategy":[132],"with":[133],"The":[137],"experimental":[138],"results":[139],"demonstrate":[140],"proposed":[143],"method":[144],"outperforms":[145],"some":[146],"state-of-the-art":[147],"algorithms":[150],"in":[151],"terms":[152],"of":[153],"both":[154],"qualitative":[155],"objective":[157],"evaluations.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
