{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131113155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3666983","title":"AngleVLM-IoT: A Transfer-Learned Vision\u2013Language Model for Automatic Anterior Chamber Angle Recognition in Connected Eye-Care Ecosystems","display_name":"AngleVLM-IoT: A Transfer-Learned Vision\u2013Language Model for Automatic Anterior Chamber Angle Recognition in Connected Eye-Care Ecosystems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131113155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3666983"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2026.3666983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3666983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153519","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/051jg5p78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101444904","display_name":"Ge Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-7519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153519","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/051jg5p78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingying Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1660-7540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126646233","display_name":"Xin Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153519","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/051jg5p78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8079-7753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126616513","display_name":"Jingwen Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2317-293X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034196671","display_name":"Hanyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-0383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153519","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/051jg5p78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6711-481X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038732392","display_name":"Peng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-6701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132741","display_name":"Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03vjkf643","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People&#x2019;s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People&#x2019;s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101909432","display_name":"Jianhua Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-3049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-3049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124390110","display_name":"X Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153519","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/051jg5p78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-2065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I4210153519"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14514417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"4588","last_page":"4604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.5187000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.5187000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.11789999902248383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.05559999868273735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-chamber-angle","display_name":"Anterior chamber angle","score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness","display_name":"Blindness","score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.34610000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7102000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910536731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2849630","display_name":"Anterior chamber angle","level":3,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781400479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11640","display_name":"Outreach","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2026.3666983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3666983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurately":[0],"measuring":[1],"the":[2,17,51,85,92,155,159,163,178,208,247],"anterior":[3,134,156],"chamber":[4],"angle":[5],"(ACA)":[6],"is":[7,255],"vital":[8],"to":[9,64,106,145,148,284,287,304],"identifying":[10],"and":[11,41,53,126,189,269,280],"treating":[12],"angle-closure":[13,290],"glaucoma,":[14],"one":[15],"of":[16,21,55,61,94,118,158,166,232,278],"top":[18],"five":[19],"causes":[20],"irreversible":[22],"blindness":[23],"globally.":[24],"Current":[25],"screening":[26],"methods,":[27],"mainly":[28],"derived":[29],"from":[30,297],"imaging-based":[31],"technologies,":[32],"are":[33],"constrained":[34],"by":[35,132,182],"reliance":[36],"on":[37,50,170,217],"expensive":[38],"hardware":[39],"equipment":[40],"highly":[42],"educated":[43],"personnel.":[44],"This":[45],"has":[46],"a":[47,59,73,203,229,266],"negative":[48],"impact":[49],"accessibility":[52],"affordability":[54],"these":[56],"methods":[57,286,306],"as":[58],"means":[60],"broad-scale":[62],"outreach":[63],"underserved":[65],"communities.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"article,":[69],"we":[70,174,200,244],"introduce":[71],"AngleVLM-IoT,":[72],"new-sense":[74],"vision-language":[75],"artificial":[76],"intelligence":[77],"model":[78,210],"that":[79,212,246,262],"can":[80,214],"automatically":[81],"capture":[82],"information":[83],"about":[84],"ACA":[86,279],"using":[87,110,133,154,240],"consumer-level":[88],"ophthalmic":[89],"devices":[90],"within":[91,207],"Internet":[93],"Things":[95],"(IoT)":[96],"ecosystem":[97],"for":[98,250,274,289,307],"eye":[99],"health.":[100],"We":[101,260],"describe":[102],"our":[103,168],"two-part":[104],"approach":[105],"building":[107],"AngleVLM":[108],"-IoT":[109],"transfer":[111],"learning,":[112],"starting":[113],"with":[114,142],"large":[115],"training":[116,238],"sets":[117],"multimodal":[119],"biomedical":[120],"images":[121,140],"available":[122],"via":[123,184],"public":[124],"imagers,":[125],"then":[127],"further":[128],"improving":[129],"AngleVLM-IoT\u2019s":[130],"accuracy":[131,248],"segment":[135,157],"optical":[136],"coherence":[137],"tomography":[138],"(AS-OCT)":[139],"coupled":[141],"clinical":[143],"data":[144,220],"fine-tune":[146],"AngleVLM-IoT":[147,209,239,263],"become":[149],"more":[150],"effective":[151],"at":[152,222],"diagnosing":[153],"eye.":[160],"To":[161],"overcome":[162],"technical":[164],"limitations":[165],"hosting":[167],"solution":[169,273],"IoT":[171,225],"edge":[172],"devices,":[173],"have":[175,201],"successfully":[176],"reduced":[177],"model\u2019s":[179],"total":[180],"size":[181],"84.2%":[183],"real-time":[185],"dynamic":[186],"knowledge":[187],"distillation":[188],"mixed-precision":[190],"quantization":[191],"techniques-while":[192],"still":[193],"retaining":[194],"all":[195],"its":[196],"diagnostic":[197],"capabilities.":[198],"Moreover,":[199],"implemented":[202],"federated":[204],"learning":[205],"protocol":[206],"so":[211],"clinicians":[213],"train":[215],"models":[216],"private":[218],"patient":[219,242,253],"stored":[221],"various":[223],"distributed":[224],"nodes":[226],"located":[227],"throughout":[228],"wide":[230],"network":[231],"connected":[233],"healthcare":[234],"providers.":[235],"Finally,":[236],"after":[237],"different":[241],"populations,":[243],"found":[245],"loss":[249],"previously":[251],"unseen":[252],"populations":[254],"no":[256],"greater":[257],"than":[258],"2.8%.":[259],"conclude":[261],"represents":[264],"both":[265],"clinically":[267],"relevant":[268],"an":[270],"economically":[271],"viable":[272],"rapidly":[275],"performing":[276],"assessments":[277],"enables":[281],"widespread":[282],"access":[283,303],"scalable":[285],"screen":[288],"glaucoma":[291],"among":[292],"patients":[293],"receiving":[294],"routine":[295],"care":[296],"consumer-oriented":[298],"eye-care":[299],"providers":[300],"who":[301],"lack":[302],"gold-standard":[305],"screening.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T06:18:44.609144","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}
