{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130555015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3666349","title":"HDTwin-E5G: AI-Driven Digital Twin and Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Energy-Efficient 5G Networks","display_name":"HDTwin-E5G: AI-Driven Digital Twin and Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Energy-Efficient 5G Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130555015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3666349"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2026.3666349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3666349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126392066","display_name":"A. Jayanthiladevi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126505","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02exxtn84","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202","https://openalex.org/I4210126505"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Jayanthiladevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amity University Dubai, Dubai, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amity University Dubai, Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010973421","display_name":"Ved Prakash Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-8736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126505","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02exxtn84","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202","https://openalex.org/I4210126505"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ved Prakash Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity University Dubai, Dubai, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-8736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity University Dubai, Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063224629","display_name":"Vinay Rishiwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-4949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139858224","display_name":"M.J.P. Rohilkhand University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3nay30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139858224"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinay Rishiwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSIT, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-4949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSIT, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139858224"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056682967","display_name":"Sudhanshu Maurya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1999-1858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55016150","display_name":"Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02kf4r633","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253735","https://openalex.org/I55016150"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhanshu Maurya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (Deemed to be University), Faridabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1999-1858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (Deemed to be University), Faridabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55016150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126414304","display_name":"Amit Kumar Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73779912","display_name":"Manipal University Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/040h76494","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Kumar Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-8757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029637826","display_name":"Udit Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-0274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086089","display_name":"JRE Group of Institutions","ror":"https://ror.org/00gyygy85","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086089"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Udit Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Applications, RBMI Group of Institutions, Bareilly, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-0274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Applications, RBMI Group of Institutions, Bareilly, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98185891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"2943","last_page":"2959"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.5565999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.5565999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.09309999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.34630000591278076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7318999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119865680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681126","display_name":"Hibernation (computing)","level":3,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164916973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378386","display_name":"Leaky bucket","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78834623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640394","display_name":"Mobile broadband","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984634286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision process","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2026.3666349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3666349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46575266122817993,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030070229","https://openalex.org/W2912371381","https://openalex.org/W2965770307","https://openalex.org/W3088611441","https://openalex.org/W3213336033","https://openalex.org/W4200241986","https://openalex.org/W4221082474","https://openalex.org/W4282828859","https://openalex.org/W4295955391","https://openalex.org/W4387677442","https://openalex.org/W4389036460","https://openalex.org/W4391710887","https://openalex.org/W4406943462","https://openalex.org/W4411846907","https://openalex.org/W4416730355","https://openalex.org/W7148791583"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy-efficient":[0],"operation":[1],"of":[2,193],"5G":[3,207],"radio":[4],"access":[5,34],"networks":[6],"is":[7],"increasingly":[8],"constrained":[9],"by":[10,128],"the":[11,171,191],"tension":[12],"between":[13],"aggressive":[14],"base-station":[15],"(BS)":[16],"hibernation":[17,51],"and":[18,29,39,78,118,154,166,176,187],"stringent":[19],"quality-of-service":[20],"(QoS)":[21],"requirements":[22],"under":[23],"highly":[24],"time-varying":[25],"traffic.":[26],"Existing":[27],"optimisation-":[28],"learning-based":[30],"schemes":[31],"often":[32],"assume":[33],"to":[35,123,150],"fine-grained":[36],"traffic":[37,71,91,159],"traces":[38],"lack":[40],"a":[41,64,97,119,129,145],"structured":[42],"mechanism":[43],"for":[44,82,201],"translating":[45],"coarse":[46],"operational":[47],"measurements":[48,95],"into":[49],"deployable":[50,156],"policies":[52],"with":[53,104,197],"explicit":[54],"trade-off":[55],"calibration.":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"these":[59],"limitations,":[60],"this":[61],"paper":[62],"proposesHDTwin-E5G,":[63],"hybrid":[65,199],"digital-twin":[66],"(DT)":[67],"framework":[68,87,173],"that":[69,134,170],"integrates":[70],"data":[72,195],"regeneration,":[73],"prediction,":[74],"optimisation-driven":[75],"feasibility":[76],"filtering,":[77],"reinforcement-learning":[79],"(RL)":[80],"refinement":[81],"energy-aware":[83],"BS":[84],"control.":[85],"The":[86],"first":[88],"reconstructs":[89],"minute-level":[90],"profiles":[92],"from":[93],"hourly":[94],"using":[96],"Gaussian":[98],"Process":[99],"Regression":[100],"(GPR)":[101],"regeneration":[102,196],"module":[103],"smoothing,":[105],"thereby":[106],"enabling":[107],"stable":[108,182],"short-horizon":[109],"forecasting.":[110],"It":[111],"then":[112],"employs":[113],"an":[114,139],"MDP-based":[115],"decision":[116],"stage":[117],"stochastic":[120],"constraint-aware":[121],"optimizer":[122],"ensure":[124],"SLA":[125],"compliance,":[126],"followed":[127],"DT-validated":[130],"Double":[131],"DQN":[132],"agent":[133],"refines":[135],"feasible":[136],"actions":[137],"through":[138],"energy-saving":[140],"ratio":[141],"(ESR)\u2013shaped":[142],"reward.":[143],"Importantly,HDTwin-E5Gintroduces":[144],"DT-first":[146],"reward-weight":[147],"tuning":[148],"procedure":[149],"select":[151],"Pareto-efficient":[152],"trade-offs":[153],"derive":[155],"presets":[157],"across":[158,163],"regimes.":[160],"Experimental":[161],"evaluations":[162],"representative":[164],"urban-dense":[165],"suburban":[167],"deployments":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"proposed":[172],"achieves":[174],"28.7%":[175],"33.1%":[177],"ESR,":[178],"respectively,":[179],"while":[180],"maintaining":[181],"latency":[183],"(approximately":[184],"42":[185],"ms":[186],"39":[188],"ms),":[189],"highlighting":[190],"effectiveness":[192],"combining":[194],"DT-guided":[198],"control":[200],"practical,":[202],"QoS-aware":[203],"energy":[204],"savings":[205],"in":[206],"networks.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}