{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118172835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3650949","title":"Quantum-Enhanced ITS Leveraging Consumer Devices for Real-Time Urban Traffic Optimization in Smart Cities","display_name":"Quantum-Enhanced ITS Leveraging Consumer Devices for Real-Time Urban Traffic Optimization in Smart Cities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118172835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3650949"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2026.3650949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3650949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121971791","display_name":"Tanveer Ahmad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tanveer Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104110372","display_name":"Asma Abbas Hassan Elnour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Abbas Hassan Elnour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Girls Section, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Girls Section, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096853373","display_name":"Muhammad Usman Hadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-2886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800980681","display_name":"Ulster Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmdg365","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800980681","https://openalex.org/I4210166072"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman Hadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177","https://openalex.org/I2800980681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106610472","display_name":"Kai Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041854978","display_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121971791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02564994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"2540","last_page":"2548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.4950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.4950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.21950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.06430000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.597100019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5788999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.4059999883174896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7275999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.597100019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5827999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5788999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30095986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1035238","display_name":"Vehicular communication systems","level":5,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64093975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356677","display_name":"Floating car data","level":3,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2026.3650949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2026.3650949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5265005230903625}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W4389383664","https://openalex.org/W4391661501","https://openalex.org/W4394790048","https://openalex.org/W4394847072","https://openalex.org/W4399408130","https://openalex.org/W4406702490","https://openalex.org/W4408106416","https://openalex.org/W4408564225","https://openalex.org/W4408564235","https://openalex.org/W4410043108","https://openalex.org/W4411001427","https://openalex.org/W4411084493","https://openalex.org/W4411948743","https://openalex.org/W4412404727","https://openalex.org/W4412725128","https://openalex.org/W4413757645"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,42,102,138,160],"novel":[4],"Quantum-Integrated":[5],"Intelligent":[6],"Transportation":[7],"System":[8],"(Q-ITS)":[9],"framework":[10,45],"that":[11,107],"integrates":[12],"quantum":[13,23],"communication":[14,112],"into":[15,30],"vehicular":[16,61,147],"networks":[17],"for":[18,46],"smart":[19],"cities.":[20],"By":[21],"incorporating":[22],"processors":[24],"and":[25,37,73,87,122,159],"entanglement-based":[26],"key":[27],"distribution":[28],"techniques":[29],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[31],"(V2V)":[32],"communication,":[33,36],"vehicle-to-infrastructure":[34],"(V2I)":[35],"edge":[38],"servers,":[39],"we":[40],"establish":[41],"secure,":[43],"low-latency":[44],"informed":[47],"decision-making.":[48],"The":[49,98,150],"system":[50,96],"utilized":[51],"Q-ITS":[52,95,135,151],"optimization,":[53],"combining":[54],"Quantum":[55],"Key":[56],"Distribution":[57],"(QKD)":[58],"with":[59],"federated":[60],"learning":[62],"to":[63,131],"enable":[64,80],"safe,":[65],"privacy-preserving":[66],"coordination":[67],"among":[68],"distributed":[69],"network":[70],"participants.":[71],"Smartphones":[72],"other":[74],"connected":[75],"devices":[76],"used":[77],"by":[78,114,120,128],"consumers":[79],"the":[81,94,108,124],"dynamic":[82,146],"gathering":[83],"of":[84,143],"traffic":[85,148],"information,":[86],"customized":[88],"route":[89],"modifications":[90],"are":[91],"possible":[92],"in":[93,156],"ecosystem.":[97],"simulation":[99],"results":[100],"on":[101],"synthetic":[103],"urban":[104],"topology":[105],"demonstrate":[106],"proposed":[109],"approach":[110],"reduces":[111],"overhead":[113],"37.4%,":[115],"decreases":[116],"average":[117],"decision":[118],"latency":[119],"42.1%,":[121],"lowers":[123],"system-wide":[125],"congestion":[126],"index":[127],"23.9%":[129],"compared":[130],"traditional":[132],"methods.":[133],"Additionally,":[134],"routing":[136],"attains":[137],"packet":[139],"delivery":[140],"success":[141],"rate":[142],"98.2%":[144],"under":[145],"conditions.":[149],"also":[152],"shows":[153],"61.3%":[154],"gain":[155],"entropic":[157],"stability":[158],"2.8":[161],"times":[162],"faster":[163],"convergence.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-01-05T00:00:00"}