{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417439103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3644940","title":"RO-SVD+: A Hardware-Based Framework Against AI Attacks for Cost-Effective GenAI Copyright Protection in Consumer Electronics","display_name":"RO-SVD+: A Hardware-Based Framework Against AI Attacks for Cost-Effective GenAI Copyright Protection in Consumer Electronics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417439103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3644940"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3644940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3644940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115861681","display_name":"Zhuoheng Ran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoheng Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108019261","display_name":"X. T. Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-1607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinmin Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090271979","display_name":"Chong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-9247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022561121","display_name":"Zewen Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-3554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zewen Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077847474","display_name":"Ray C. C. Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-0729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray C. C. Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644375","display_name":"Hong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-3095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115861681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44647329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"80","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.862500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.862500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.08060000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.6195999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minutiae","display_name":"Minutiae","score":0.5228000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5005000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguard","display_name":"Safeguard","score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3467000126838684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.6195999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67174900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Minutiae","level":4,"score":0.5228000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5005000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780771206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271761","display_name":"Safeguard","level":2,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502918","display_name":"Counterfeit","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74524168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074539","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3644940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3644940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968261083","https://openalex.org/W2010699766","https://openalex.org/W2113085740","https://openalex.org/W2793592525","https://openalex.org/W3044922731","https://openalex.org/W3104990907","https://openalex.org/W3162223152","https://openalex.org/W3172555720","https://openalex.org/W3173365702","https://openalex.org/W3193554820","https://openalex.org/W3196238133","https://openalex.org/W3211884787","https://openalex.org/W3214962050","https://openalex.org/W4214898075","https://openalex.org/W4220658028","https://openalex.org/W4312728846","https://openalex.org/W4320006880","https://openalex.org/W4321790408","https://openalex.org/W4327810912","https://openalex.org/W4385080158","https://openalex.org/W4385469325","https://openalex.org/W4386825119","https://openalex.org/W4387068105","https://openalex.org/W4388426465","https://openalex.org/W4389542148","https://openalex.org/W4392902371","https://openalex.org/W4392904316","https://openalex.org/W4396888519","https://openalex.org/W4399795248","https://openalex.org/W4400187671","https://openalex.org/W4400229775","https://openalex.org/W4400679600","https://openalex.org/W4402216258","https://openalex.org/W4402716358","https://openalex.org/W4403094516","https://openalex.org/W4403277991","https://openalex.org/W4403421565","https://openalex.org/W4403692379","https://openalex.org/W4403791050","https://openalex.org/W4403826588","https://openalex.org/W4404122190","https://openalex.org/W4407129170","https://openalex.org/W4407899981","https://openalex.org/W4409512023","https://openalex.org/W4409512263","https://openalex.org/W4409513158","https://openalex.org/W4409513226","https://openalex.org/W4410615806","https://openalex.org/W7133223677"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widespread":[1],"integration":[2],"of":[3,27,71],"generative":[4],"artificial":[5,28],"intelligence":[6],"(GenAI)":[7],"in":[8,87,112,119,153],"consumer":[9,155],"devices":[10],"has":[11],"heightened":[12],"the":[13,23],"need":[14],"for":[15,121,150],"a":[16,36,67,72,109,116,146],"cost-effective":[17],"and":[18,44,52,75,84,115,141,159],"energy-efficient":[19],"mechanism":[20],"to":[21,48,60,82,96,125,132],"safeguard":[22],"intellectual":[24],"property":[25],"(IP)":[26],"intelligence-generated":[29],"content":[30],"(AIGC).":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"proposes":[34],"RO-SVD+,":[35],"hardware-based":[37,148],"framework":[38],"that":[39],"exploits":[40],"low-rank":[41],"matrix":[42],"decomposition":[43],"on-chip":[45],"process":[46],"variations":[47],"enable":[49],"device-level":[50],"traceability":[51],"high-quality":[53],"randomness":[54],"generation":[55],"while":[56],"exhibiting":[57],"strong":[58],"resistance":[59],"AI-driven":[61],"attacks.":[62],"Using":[63],"AI-generated":[64],"images":[65],"as":[66,90],"case":[68],"study,":[69],"evaluations":[70],"28-nm":[73],"FPGA":[74,138],"an":[76],"ASIC":[77,142],"design":[78,139],"flow":[79],"show":[80],"up":[81],"185\u00d7":[83],"153\u00d7":[85],"improvements":[86],"per-pixel":[88],"cost-effectiveness":[89,120],"image":[91],"resolutions":[92],"scale":[93],"from":[94],"32\u00d732":[95],"1024\u00d71024":[97,122],"under":[98],"consistent":[99],"power":[100],"consumption.":[101],"Compared":[102,124],"with":[103,136],"our":[104],"prior":[105],"work,":[106],"RO-SVD+":[107,129],"achieves":[108],"2\u00d7":[110],"speedup":[111],"entropy":[113],"extraction":[114],"4\u00d7":[117],"improvement":[118],"matrices.":[123],"other":[126],"equivalent":[127],"efforts,":[128],"delivers":[130],"8\u00d7":[131],"53\u00d7":[133],"higher":[134],"throughput":[135],"reduced":[137],"complexity":[140],"area,":[143],"making":[144],"it":[145],"promising":[147],"solution":[149],"copyright":[151],"protection":[152],"modern":[154],"electronics":[156],"where":[157],"high-resolution":[158],"dense":[160],"GenAI":[161],"workloads":[162],"are":[163],"widely":[164],"deployed.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}