{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415821368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3627545","title":"Human-Centric Service Offloading With CNN Partitioning in Cloud-Edge Computing-Empowered Metaverse Networks","display_name":"Human-Centric Service Offloading With CNN Partitioning in Cloud-Edge Computing-Empowered Metaverse Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415821368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3627545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3627545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3627545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/233963/1/Human_Centric_Service_Offloading_with_CNN_Partitioning_in_Cloud_Edge_Computing_Empowered_Metaverse_Networks_.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007310036","display_name":"Sizhe Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-451X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizhe Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-451X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101916404","display_name":"Xiaoyu Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-3217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-3217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043302955","display_name":"Muhammad Bilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-0877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Bilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-0877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038791483","display_name":"Wanchun Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-2023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanchun Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-2023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007818509","display_name":"Xiaolong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-9803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-9803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33600509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"4","first_page":"12300","last_page":"12311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6509000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4767000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.43470001220703125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8533999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6509000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4767000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776104089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15894079","display_name":"Location awareness","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140781008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221081","display_name":"Service quality","level":3,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3627545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3627545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:233963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/233963/1/Human_Centric_Service_Offloading_with_CNN_Partitioning_in_Cloud_Edge_Computing_Empowered_Metaverse_Networks_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:233963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/233963/1/Human_Centric_Service_Offloading_with_CNN_Partitioning_in_Cloud_Edge_Computing_Empowered_Metaverse_Networks_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2266259690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5843799260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20211284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8449891818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415821368.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415821368.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2501886569","https://openalex.org/W2605258629","https://openalex.org/W2762167842","https://openalex.org/W2800992211","https://openalex.org/W2895973886","https://openalex.org/W2920031528","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2972268941","https://openalex.org/W2979437960","https://openalex.org/W3005620403","https://openalex.org/W3031928705","https://openalex.org/W3106171294","https://openalex.org/W3106959531","https://openalex.org/W3120750232","https://openalex.org/W3121026143","https://openalex.org/W3211538845","https://openalex.org/W3216162983","https://openalex.org/W4210788152","https://openalex.org/W4224243135","https://openalex.org/W4226446010","https://openalex.org/W4285234600","https://openalex.org/W4285251950","https://openalex.org/W4285282861","https://openalex.org/W4289655397","https://openalex.org/W4296000258","https://openalex.org/W4308130795","https://openalex.org/W4312529905","https://openalex.org/W4312788245","https://openalex.org/W4378697408","https://openalex.org/W4380303559","https://openalex.org/W4387092633","https://openalex.org/W4387303325","https://openalex.org/W4388756760","https://openalex.org/W4389298228","https://openalex.org/W4389302495","https://openalex.org/W4389509367","https://openalex.org/W4390659346","https://openalex.org/W4391249105","https://openalex.org/W4391311259","https://openalex.org/W4391892424","https://openalex.org/W4391936064","https://openalex.org/W4392309162","https://openalex.org/W4392450155","https://openalex.org/W4396506525","https://openalex.org/W4400239195","https://openalex.org/W4401100959","https://openalex.org/W4402263159","https://openalex.org/W4402473596","https://openalex.org/W4403123110","https://openalex.org/W4403996974","https://openalex.org/W4405314357","https://openalex.org/W4405907311","https://openalex.org/W4407784215","https://openalex.org/W4408632606","https://openalex.org/W4409156557","https://openalex.org/W4409356364","https://openalex.org/W4409474257","https://openalex.org/W7084028308","https://openalex.org/W7092299402"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metaverse":[0],"is":[1,155,175],"an":[2],"emerging":[3],"paradigm":[4],"of":[5,44,66,75,86,152,173,185,196],"modern":[6],"consumer":[7],"entertainment":[8],"that":[9],"aims":[10],"to":[11,105,157,164,180,192],"create":[12],"a":[13,26,39,115,140],"fully":[14],"immersive,":[15],"hyper-spatial,":[16],"and":[17,33,68,130,147],"extremely":[18],"interoperable":[19],"virtual":[20],"space":[21],"for":[22],"smart":[23],"applications,":[24],"emphasizing":[25],"human-centric":[27],"approach.":[28],"Benefiting":[29],"from":[30],"edge":[31,80,179,186],"computing":[32],"5G":[34],"networks,":[35],"there":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"surge":[40],"in":[41,133,145],"the":[42,61,72,84,90,95,100,107,127,134,161,165,170,178,183,194],"development":[43],"massive":[45],"intelligent":[46],"services":[47],"(e.g.,":[48],"real-time":[49],"motion":[50],"sensing":[51],"games)":[52],"based":[53],"on":[54],"Convolutional":[55],"Neural":[56],"Networks":[57],"(CNNs)":[58],"deployed":[59],"at":[60,94,99,160],"edge,":[62,96],"which":[63,124],"require":[64],"plenty":[65],"computational":[67],"communication":[69],"resources.":[70],"However,":[71],"huge":[73],"volume":[74],"service":[76,87,97,135],"requests":[77],"can":[78,102],"overload":[79],"servers,":[81],"thus":[82],"decreasing":[83],"quality":[85],"(QoS).":[88],"Given":[89],"limited":[91],"resources":[92],"available":[93],"offloading":[98,118],"cloud":[101,162],"be":[103,158],"employed":[104],"ensure":[106],"QoS.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110],"paper,":[111],"we":[112,138],"design":[113],"MP-DOB,":[114],"load":[116,184],"balance-aware":[117],"strategy":[119],"with":[120],"CNN":[121,141],"model":[122,142],"partitioning,":[123],"jointly":[125],"optimizes":[126],"inference":[128],"delay":[129],"energy":[131],"consumption":[132],"process.":[136],"Specifically,":[137],"partition":[139],"into":[143],"sub-models":[144,154,174],"sequential":[146],"spatial":[148],"manners.":[149],"Then,":[150],"part":[151,172],"these":[153],"considered":[156],"offloaded":[159],"according":[163],"game":[166],"theory-based":[167],"policy.":[168],"Parallelly,":[169],"other":[171],"re-scheduled":[176],"within":[177],"further":[181],"balance":[182],"servers.":[187],"Comparative":[188],"experiments":[189],"are":[190],"conducted":[191],"indicate":[193],"effectiveness":[195],"our":[197],"proposed":[198],"MP-DOB.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}
