{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414856499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3617902","title":"A-Geo: Adaptive Geographic Routing for Consumer FANETs in Next-Generation Communication","display_name":"A-Geo: Adaptive Geographic Routing for Consumer FANETs in Next-Generation Communication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414856499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3617902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3617902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3617902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111516964","display_name":"Vikramjit Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vikramjit Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India","School of Computer Sciences, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4940-0354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033011174","display_name":"Krishna Pal Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-3154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70971781","display_name":"Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar","ror":"https://ror.org/03xt0bg88","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70971781"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishna Pal Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India","Department of CSE, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-3154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70971781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70971781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102757544","display_name":"Harsh Kumar Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-6150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70971781","display_name":"Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar","ror":"https://ror.org/03xt0bg88","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70971781"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsh Kumar Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India","Department of CSE, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70971781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70971781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048020897","display_name":"Gyanendra Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139590","display_name":"Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/03vr3gq96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139590"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyanendra Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of IoT and IS, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-3094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of IoT and IS, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059184402","display_name":"Balamurugan Balusamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2805-4951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26604189","display_name":"Shiv Nadar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05aqahr97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26604189"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balamurugan Balusamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and IT, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates","Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR), India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2805-4951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and IT, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26604189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004251248","display_name":"Shalli Rani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-9435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shalli Rani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India","Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-9435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756528","display_name":"Weiwei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-5047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111516964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25606068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"4","first_page":"11034","last_page":"11043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9147999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9147999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9135000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12799","display_name":"Mobile and Web Applications","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-routing","display_name":"Adaptive routing","score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prioritization","display_name":"Prioritization","score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.376800000667572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7720999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777615720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888847","display_name":"Prioritization","level":2,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79876807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030660","display_name":"Geographical distance","level":3,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11105738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895805","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32244324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680755","display_name":"Adaptive quality of service multi-hop routing","level":5,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195780805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535986","display_name":"Metrics","level":5,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29436982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3700557","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","level":5,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22590252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058754","display_name":"Shortest path problem","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3617902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3617902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979103532","https://openalex.org/W2027935533","https://openalex.org/W2090434188","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2626974746","https://openalex.org/W2890964912","https://openalex.org/W2935834664","https://openalex.org/W2966041606","https://openalex.org/W2968773007","https://openalex.org/W2990310893","https://openalex.org/W3013500184","https://openalex.org/W3039133318","https://openalex.org/W3044530242","https://openalex.org/W3143123909","https://openalex.org/W3172693615","https://openalex.org/W3193546943","https://openalex.org/W4226036084","https://openalex.org/W4281384602","https://openalex.org/W4282565607","https://openalex.org/W4283710804","https://openalex.org/W4285409280","https://openalex.org/W4312264944","https://openalex.org/W4312615979","https://openalex.org/W4313546680","https://openalex.org/W4319878963","https://openalex.org/W4381053142","https://openalex.org/W4384519395","https://openalex.org/W4391321618","https://openalex.org/W4392523489","https://openalex.org/W4396240150","https://openalex.org/W4398202717","https://openalex.org/W4409014188","https://openalex.org/W4412171140"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,88,133],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,16,146,156],"consumer":[3],"drones":[4],"and":[5,23,42,59,111],"flying":[6],"ad":[7],"hoc":[8],"networks":[9],"(FANETs),":[10],"along":[11],"with":[12],"the":[13,73,124,129,136,144,152,160],"growing":[14],"demands":[15],"low":[17],"latency,":[18],"high":[19,60],"throughput,":[20],"ultra-reliable":[21],"communication,":[22],"beyond":[24],"5G":[25],"technologies,":[26],"has":[27],"markedly":[28],"accelerated":[29],"research.":[30],"FANETs":[31],"play":[32],"a":[33],"pivotal":[34],"role":[35],"in":[36,149],"next-generation":[37],"communication":[38],"by":[39,70],"providing":[40],"dynamic":[41],"flexible":[43],"airborne":[44],"networking":[45],"solutions":[46],"to":[47,105,118,127,151,173],"enhance":[48],"various":[49],"industrial":[50],"processes.":[51],"In":[52],"FANETs,":[53],"where":[54],"sparse":[55],"deployment,":[56],"intermittent":[57],"connections,":[58],"mobility":[61],"complicate":[62],"routing,":[63],"geographic":[64,81,106],"routing":[65,82,175],"offers":[66],"an":[67,79,92],"efficient":[68],"solution":[69],"focusing":[71],"on":[72,159],"shortest":[74],"paths.":[75],"This":[76],"work":[77],"proposes":[78],"adaptive":[80,137],"protocol,":[83],"A-Geo,":[84],"comprising":[85],"two":[86],"modules.":[87],"first":[89],"module":[90],"provides":[91],"AHP-TOPSIS-based":[93],"forwarding":[94],"mechanism":[95],"(ATFM)":[96],"for":[97],"next-hop":[98],"selection":[99],"utilizing":[100],"multiple":[101,178],"decision":[102,147],"metrics":[103,148,180],"related":[104],"progress,":[107],"link":[108],"reliability,":[109],"connectivity,":[110],"buffer":[112],"occupancy.":[113],"AHP":[114],"systematically":[115],"assigns":[116],"weights":[117],"these":[119],"metrics,":[120],"while":[121],"TOPSIS":[122],"prioritizes":[123],"neighboring":[125],"nodes":[126],"select":[128],"optimal":[130],"next":[131],"hop.":[132],"second":[134],"module,":[135],"metric":[138],"prioritization":[139],"scheme":[140],"(AMPS),":[141],"dynamically":[142],"adjusts":[143],"weightage":[145],"response":[150],"evolving":[153],"network":[154,165,183],"dynamics":[155],"FANETs.":[157],"Based":[158],"simulation":[161],"results":[162],"obtained":[163],"from":[164],"simulator":[166],"ns-3,":[167],"A-Geo":[168],"demonstrates":[169],"superior":[170],"performance":[171,179],"compared":[172],"other":[174],"protocols,":[176],"considering":[177],"under":[181],"varied":[182],"scenarios.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}