{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414404882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3612586","title":"Holo-FAFL: Cross-Modal Feature Augmentation and Latency-Aware Asynchronous Federated Learning for Holographic IoT Systems","display_name":"Holo-FAFL: Cross-Modal Feature Augmentation and Latency-Aware Asynchronous Federated Learning for Holographic IoT Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414404882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3612586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3612586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3612586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034536222","display_name":"Le Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-0327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Le Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Information, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yulin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6264-9875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology CICAEET, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology CICAEET, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066065662","display_name":"Zhiguo Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5783-313X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Information, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766086","display_name":"Jinliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-0246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology CICAEET, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology CICAEET, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101621646","display_name":"Jing Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1024-3001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology CICAEET, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology CICAEET, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111330259","display_name":"Yimin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2839-8869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49185572","display_name":"Yunnan University of Finance And Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04rhev598","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49185572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080711681","display_name":"Ghulam Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-3969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003500465","display_name":"Mahmoud Ragab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Ragab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department and the Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department and the Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034536222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I49185572"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24708021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"4","first_page":"11475","last_page":"11486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9578999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7261000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-and-identically-distributed-random-variables","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","score":0.6442000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-learning","display_name":"Distributed learning","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.36070001125335693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7261000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141513077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378542","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","level":3,"score":0.6442000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779582901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21013010","display_name":"Distributed learning","level":2,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982736386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Statistical learning","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3612586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3612586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2890961286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62462065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G289167766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202402AD080005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336602","funder_display_name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6338814116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72441009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336602","display_name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2770503273","https://openalex.org/W2798720628","https://openalex.org/W2970606380","https://openalex.org/W2983742071","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W3129775241","https://openalex.org/W3185864054","https://openalex.org/W4287332481","https://openalex.org/W4297911475","https://openalex.org/W4307823382","https://openalex.org/W4320009717","https://openalex.org/W4362564090","https://openalex.org/W4382318985","https://openalex.org/W4383112881","https://openalex.org/W4387146078","https://openalex.org/W4387353472","https://openalex.org/W4388757228","https://openalex.org/W4390204156","https://openalex.org/W4390692122","https://openalex.org/W4390904884","https://openalex.org/W4391183926","https://openalex.org/W4393973089","https://openalex.org/W4396680807","https://openalex.org/W4396878683","https://openalex.org/W4401325676","https://openalex.org/W4406046286"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0,55],"Learning":[1,56],"(FL)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4],"revolutionary":[5],"distributed":[6,146],"machine":[7],"learning":[8,62],"paradigm":[9],"that":[10],"addresses":[11],"the":[12,124],"challenge":[13],"of":[14],"data":[15,37,87],"silos":[16],"while":[17],"preserving":[18],"privacy.":[19],"However,":[20],"when":[21],"deployed":[22],"in":[23,27,79],"heterogeneous":[24],"environments,":[25],"especially":[26],"Holographic":[28,52],"IoT":[29],"systems,":[30],"FL":[31],"faces":[32],"significant":[33],"challenges":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"heterogeneity,":[38,40],"device":[39],"and":[41,88,98,114,144],"cross-modal":[42,67],"distribution":[43],"shifts.":[44],"To":[45],"overcome":[46],"these":[47],"limitations,":[48],"this":[49],"paper":[50],"proposes":[51],"Feature":[53,75],"Augmentation-based":[54],"(Holo-FAFL),":[57],"an":[58],"adaptive":[59],"asynchronous":[60],"federated":[61],"framework.":[63],"The":[64,73,102],"framework":[65,125],"integrates":[66],"statistical":[68,82],"alignment":[69],"with":[70],"latency-aware":[71],"optimization.":[72],"Cross-modal":[74],"Augmentation":[76],"(CFA)":[77],"module":[78,107],"Holo-FAFL":[80],"eliminates":[81],"discrepancies":[83],"between":[84],"physical":[85],"sensor":[86],"virtual":[89,132],"3D":[90],"features":[91],"through":[92,131],"channel-wise":[93],"mean-variance":[94],"alignment,":[95],"t-distribution":[96],"modulation,":[97],"adversarial":[99],"sample":[100],"generation.":[101],"Adaptive":[103],"Data":[104],"Update":[105],"(ADU)":[106],"suppresses":[108],"stale":[109],"updates":[110],"from":[111],"high-latency":[112],"devices":[113],"dynamically":[115],"adjusts":[116],"buffer":[117],"capacities":[118],"based":[119],"on":[120],"rendering":[121],"workloads.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"adopts":[126],"Virtual":[127],"Risk":[128],"Minimization":[129],"(VRM)":[130],"feature":[133],"augmentation":[134],"to":[135],"enhance":[136],"generalization":[137],"by":[138],"12.7%":[139],"accuracy":[140],"under":[141],"extreme":[142],"non-independent":[143],"identically":[145],"(Non-IID)":[147],"conditions.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}