{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413010807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3596440","title":"DNN-Based Enhanced DOA Sensing via Massive MIMO Receiver With Switches-Based Hybrid Architecture","display_name":"DNN-Based Enhanced DOA Sensing via Massive MIMO Receiver With Switches-Based Hybrid Architecture","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413010807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3596440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3596440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3596440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427013","display_name":"Yifan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-3002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-3002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034649717","display_name":"Kang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-2153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering and the Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Application, Supervision and Management, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-2153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering and the Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Application, Supervision and Management, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053619338","display_name":"Linqiong Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linqiong Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-4387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077999246","display_name":"Jun Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-9197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-9197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044969631","display_name":"Feng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101530473","display_name":"Yaoliang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-7298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoliang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78347174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"8192","last_page":"8204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6273897886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6070923209190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5199300646781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5172010660171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4142616391181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28827887773513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2700260281562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1491546928882599}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6273897886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6070923209190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5199300646781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5172010660171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4142616391181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28827887773513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2700260281562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1491546928882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3596440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3596440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468035466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7067429346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XTCX2022XXC07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315841","funder_display_name":"National Center for Women and Information Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315841","display_name":"National Center for Women and Information Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1609941950","https://openalex.org/W1977579146","https://openalex.org/W2002347603","https://openalex.org/W2013943064","https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2128086848","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2147855704","https://openalex.org/W2161666352","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2164390589","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2808559592","https://openalex.org/W2897361856","https://openalex.org/W2914623695","https://openalex.org/W2963456405","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2973265422","https://openalex.org/W2991298682","https://openalex.org/W3047580615","https://openalex.org/W3158832185","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3205428400","https://openalex.org/W4213084171","https://openalex.org/W4281486329","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W4313140310","https://openalex.org/W4319989949","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4385283604","https://openalex.org/W4386212340","https://openalex.org/W4387449258","https://openalex.org/W4392026394","https://openalex.org/W4404739369","https://openalex.org/W4407309853","https://openalex.org/W4408858370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2038503502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Switches-based":[0],"hybrid":[1,62,109,190],"architecture":[2],"has":[3],"attracted":[4],"much":[5],"attention,":[6],"especially":[7,213],"in":[8,40,99,214],"directional-of-arrival":[9],"(DOA)":[10],"sensing,":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,37,74,101,182],"its":[14],"ability":[15],"of":[16,43,48,107,137,175,188],"significantly":[17,94],"reducing":[18],"the":[19,41,85,90,96,103,130,135,139,145,167,172,184,202,215],"hardware":[20],"cost":[21],"by":[22,89,158],"compressing":[23],"massive":[24],"multiple-input":[25],"multiple-output":[26],"(MIMO)":[27],"arrays":[28,191],"with":[29],"switching":[30,72],"networks.":[31],"However,":[32],"this":[33,66],"structure":[34],"will":[35],"lead":[36],"a":[38,59,70,76,111,152,194,207],"degradation":[39],"degrees":[42],"freedom":[44],"(DOF)":[45],"and":[46,151,161,192],"accuracy":[47,106],"DOA":[49,104,155,178],"estimation.":[50,156],"To":[51],"address":[52],"these":[53],"two":[54],"issues,":[55],"we":[56,68],"first":[57],"propose":[58],"switches-based":[60,108,189],"sparse":[61,78],"array":[63],"(SW-SHA).":[64],"In":[65],"method,":[67],"design":[69],"dynamic":[71],"network":[73,114,126],"form":[75],"synthesized":[77],"array,":[79],"i.e.,":[80],"SW-SHA,":[81],"that":[82],"can":[83,205],"enlarge":[84],"virtual":[86],"aperture":[87],"obtained":[88],"difference":[91],"co-array,":[92],"thereby":[93],"enhancing":[95],"DOF.":[97],"Second,":[98],"order":[100],"improve":[102],"estimation":[105,179],"arrays,":[110],"deep":[112],"neural":[113],"(DNN)-based":[115],"method":[116],"called":[117],"ASN-DNN":[118,168,204],"is":[119,169,180],"proposed.":[120],"It":[121],"includes":[122],"an":[123,164],"antenna":[124],"selection":[125],"(ASN)":[127],"for":[128,154,177,196],"optimizing":[129],"switch":[131],"connections":[132],"based":[133],"on":[134],"criterion":[136],"minimizing":[138],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[140],"lower":[141,186],"bound":[142,187],"(CRLB)":[143],"under":[144],"peak":[146],"sidelobe":[147],"level":[148],"(PSL)":[149],"constraint":[150],"DNN":[153,162],"Then":[157],"integrating":[159],"ASN":[160],"into":[163],"iterative":[165],"process,":[166],"obtained.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"closed-form":[173],"expression":[174],"CRLB":[176],"derived":[181],"evaluate":[183],"performance":[185,209],"provide":[193],"benchmark":[195],"ASN-DNN.":[197],"The":[198],"simulation":[199],"results":[200],"show":[201],"proposed":[203],"achieve":[206],"greater":[208],"than":[210],"traditional":[211],"methods,":[212],"low":[216],"signal-to-noise":[217],"ratio":[218],"(SNR)":[219],"regions.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-12T23:11:45.498971","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}