{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411232384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3576383","title":"Integrating Embedded Cyber-Physical Systems in Smart Energy for AI-Enhanced Real-Time Crowd Monitoring and Threat Detection","display_name":"Integrating Embedded Cyber-Physical Systems in Smart Energy for AI-Enhanced Real-Time Crowd Monitoring and Threat Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411232384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3576383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3576383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3576383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109119030","display_name":"Su Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8500-8587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201459984","display_name":"Guangdong University Of Finances and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0459pv085","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201459984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149618","display_name":"Guangdong University of Finance","ror":"https://ror.org/04grzdh47","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Su Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feifei Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5480-0433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201459984","display_name":"Guangdong University Of Finances and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0459pv085","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201459984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149618","display_name":"Guangdong University of Finance","ror":"https://ror.org/04grzdh47","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5480-0433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051762810","display_name":"Yin Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1785-3491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201459984","display_name":"Guangdong University Of Finances and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0459pv085","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201459984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149618","display_name":"Guangdong University of Finance","ror":"https://ror.org/04grzdh47","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhao Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102616588","display_name":"Haiyang Ke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201459984","display_name":"Guangdong University Of Finances and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0459pv085","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201459984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149618","display_name":"Guangdong University of Finance","ror":"https://ror.org/04grzdh47","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-5312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201459984","display_name":"Guangdong University Of Finances and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0459pv085","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201459984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149618","display_name":"Guangdong University of Finance","ror":"https://ror.org/04grzdh47","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-5312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109119030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94065368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"8363","last_page":"8373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9387000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7312486171722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5475170016288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4648840129375458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45927199721336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42548680305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4076465666294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12007135152816772}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7312486171722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5475170016288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4648840129375458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45927199721336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42548680305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4076465666294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12007135152816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3576383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3576383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603899410","https://openalex.org/W2612758347","https://openalex.org/W2964307651","https://openalex.org/W2970588228","https://openalex.org/W2987761108","https://openalex.org/W3006802933","https://openalex.org/W4281673957","https://openalex.org/W4283213794","https://openalex.org/W4293192745","https://openalex.org/W4313638990","https://openalex.org/W4319592766","https://openalex.org/W4321089583","https://openalex.org/W4327734800","https://openalex.org/W4385307366","https://openalex.org/W4387859458","https://openalex.org/W4388220139","https://openalex.org/W4391249123","https://openalex.org/W4391892559","https://openalex.org/W4394570652","https://openalex.org/W4394990152","https://openalex.org/W4396929807","https://openalex.org/W4399517122","https://openalex.org/W4399527576","https://openalex.org/W4400020450","https://openalex.org/W4400158940","https://openalex.org/W4402402001","https://openalex.org/W4402586195","https://openalex.org/W4403332121","https://openalex.org/W4403420454","https://openalex.org/W4403563850","https://openalex.org/W4404212146","https://openalex.org/W4404788508","https://openalex.org/W4405097447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W3019776739","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2791379413","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W4319436466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"embedded":[1,81,248],"cyber-physical":[2,33],"systems":[3,57,88,95],"(CPS)":[4],"in":[5,15,43],"smart":[6,16,86,161,171,193],"energy":[7,63,87,169,251,257],"and":[8,29,39,49,55,61,85,110,118,127,150,173,190,198,206,250],"utilities":[9],"provides":[10],"extensive":[11],"security.":[12],"Most":[13],"applications":[14,25],"cities":[17],"require":[18,32],"supercomputing":[19],"powers":[20],"for":[21,96,253],"model":[22],"performance.":[23],"Security":[24],"like":[26,233],"crowd":[27,188],"monitoring":[28,197],"threat":[30],"detection":[31,152,196],"integration":[34],"with":[35,58,192,217,256],"camera":[36],"operations.":[37],"Recording":[38],"analysing":[40],"the":[41],"data":[42,103,130,143,234],"real":[44],"time":[45],"consumes":[46],"enormous":[47],"power":[48,177],"energy.":[50,98],"This":[51,228,240],"enables":[52],"AI-powered":[53],"crowd-tracking":[54],"threat-detection":[56],"real-time":[59,102],"capabilities":[60],"reduced":[62],"usage.":[64],"Though":[65],"several":[66],"Literature":[67],"studies":[68],"are":[69,89,153],"presented":[70],"on":[71],"energy-aware":[72],"applications,":[73],"this":[74],"paper":[75],"exhibits":[76],"a":[77],"novel":[78],"system":[79,164],"wherein":[80],"CPS,":[82],"deep":[83,220],"learning,":[84],"integrated":[90],"to":[91,121,176,184,211],"solve":[92],"public":[93],"safety":[94,254],"conserving":[97],"Localised":[99],"employees":[100],"collect":[101],"points":[104],"by":[105,132,141,246],"operating":[106],"IoT":[107],"sensors,":[108],"cameras,":[109],"microcontroller-powered":[111],"CPS":[112,179,249],"nodes,":[113,180],"which":[114,167],"use":[115],"edge":[116,238],"computing":[117,120,125,138],"fog":[119],"reduce":[122],"latency.":[123],"Edge":[124],"collects":[126],"processes":[128],"sensitive":[129],"locally":[131],"minimising":[133],"external":[134],"network":[135],"exposure.":[136],"Fog":[137],"strengthens":[139],"security":[140],"decentralising":[142],"processing.":[144],"Crowd":[145],"density":[146],"estimation,":[147],"behavior":[148],"prediction,":[149],"anomaly":[151],"performed":[154],"using":[155,236],"Convolutional":[156],"Neural":[157],"Networks":[158],"(CNNs).":[159],"A":[160],"munitions":[162],"trace":[163],"is":[165],"proposed,":[166],"utilizes":[168],"from":[170],"grids":[172],"renewable":[174],"sources":[175],"distributed":[178],"applies":[181],"fast":[182],"response":[183],"allocate":[185],"resources":[186],"under":[187],"movements,":[189],"integrates":[191],"grids.":[194],"Threat":[195],"management":[199],"algorithms":[200],"detect":[201],"suspect":[202],"activities":[203],"or":[204],"objects":[205],"issue":[207],"appropriate":[208],"notifications":[209],"quickly":[210],"facilitate":[212],"effective":[213],"emergency":[214],"response.":[215],"Along":[216],"these,":[218],"cloud-assisted":[219],"learning":[221],"models":[222],"provide":[223],"infrastructure":[224],"development":[225],"over":[226],"time.":[227],"multi-disciplinary":[229],"method":[230],"solves":[231],"issues":[232],"privacy":[235],"local":[237],"computing.":[239],"study":[241],"enhances":[242],"innovative":[243],"city":[244],"initiatives":[245],"integrating":[247],"technologies":[252],"measures":[255],"management.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-12T23:11:45.498971","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}