{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410536654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3572009","title":"A New Method for Multilevel Thresholding of Crop Images Using Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer","display_name":"A New Method for Multilevel Thresholding of Crop Images Using Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410536654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3572009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3572009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3572009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101778177","display_name":"Arun Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-1568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207223250","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/00gmd7q80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-1568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698583","display_name":"Anil Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-4646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207223250","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/00gmd7q80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-4646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101810811","display_name":"Amit Vishwakarma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-8940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207223250","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/00gmd7q80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Vishwakarma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-8940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207223250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055377819","display_name":"Girish Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. K. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-6005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10390188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"3229","last_page":"3239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.6374621987342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herd-immunity","display_name":"Herd immunity","score":0.6020514965057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.44266802072525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herd","display_name":"Herd","score":0.41692137718200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4029442369937897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3350936770439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.33166003227233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3165796995162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.2823069095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.24528691172599792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15222463011741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.13921281695365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09744146466255188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6374621987342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106192422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736798","display_name":"Herd immunity","level":3,"score":0.6020514965057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.44266802072525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194775826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209542","display_name":"Herd","level":2,"score":0.41692137718200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4029442369937897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3350936770439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33166003227233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3165796995162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.2823069095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24528691172599792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15222463011741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.13921281695365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09744146466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3572009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3572009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006010966","https://openalex.org/W2027091505","https://openalex.org/W2039594484","https://openalex.org/W2041221361","https://openalex.org/W2058887147","https://openalex.org/W2124994383","https://openalex.org/W2126382811","https://openalex.org/W2131375706","https://openalex.org/W2141610356","https://openalex.org/W2154977815","https://openalex.org/W2157259291","https://openalex.org/W2183796987","https://openalex.org/W2508177680","https://openalex.org/W2550436552","https://openalex.org/W2680095193","https://openalex.org/W2738900493","https://openalex.org/W2749682969","https://openalex.org/W2769248982","https://openalex.org/W2807383083","https://openalex.org/W2895416280","https://openalex.org/W2944599236","https://openalex.org/W2970628322","https://openalex.org/W3011837119","https://openalex.org/W3049758345","https://openalex.org/W3082974932","https://openalex.org/W3083694765","https://openalex.org/W3087165791","https://openalex.org/W3093844748","https://openalex.org/W3136596396","https://openalex.org/W3180964804","https://openalex.org/W3212104159","https://openalex.org/W4206602097","https://openalex.org/W4213119535","https://openalex.org/W4224290640","https://openalex.org/W4283687912","https://openalex.org/W4283764232","https://openalex.org/W4287891158","https://openalex.org/W4308338016","https://openalex.org/W4308602935","https://openalex.org/W4364321988","https://openalex.org/W4380607244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2236974868","https://openalex.org/W3036932834","https://openalex.org/W4312766348","https://openalex.org/W4233939244","https://openalex.org/W2730764323","https://openalex.org/W3123806511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,27,67,88,170,190],"the":[2,29,49,69,76,80,90,98,124,161],"multimodality":[3],"and":[4,42,64,119,146,193],"uneven":[5],"distribution":[6],"of":[7,97],"intensity":[8],"levels":[9],"in":[10,195],"crop":[11,33],"images,":[12],"multilevel":[13],"thresholding":[14],"is":[15,25,53,84,101,150,179],"a":[16,22,126,175],"complicated":[17],"job.":[18],"In":[19,48],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"new":[23],"technique":[24],"proposed":[26,50,99,153],"segment":[28],"complex":[30],"background":[31],"color":[32,58,77],"images":[34],"(CBCCI)":[35],"using":[36,62,103],"recursive":[37],"minimum":[38],"cross":[39],"entropy":[40],"(R-MCE)":[41],"coronavirus":[43],"herd":[44],"immunity":[45],"optimizer":[46],"(CHIO).":[47],"method,":[51],"CBCCI":[52],"converted":[54],"into":[55],"CIE":[56],"lab":[57],"space,":[59],"then":[60],"pre-processed":[61],"Gaussian":[63],"Guided":[65],"filters":[66],"smooth":[68],"flat":[70],"part":[71],"as":[72,74],"well":[73],"preserve":[75],"information":[78],"on":[79],"edges.":[81],"Finally,":[82],"CHIO":[83],"applied":[85],"with":[86,129],"R-MCE":[87],"select":[89],"best":[91],"possible":[92],"threshold":[93],"values.":[94],"The":[95,152],"accuracy":[96],"method":[100,154],"evaluated":[102],"peak":[104],"signal-to-noise":[105],"ratio,":[106],"feature":[107],"similarity":[108,111],"index,":[109,112],"structural":[110],"root":[113],"mean":[114],"square":[115],"error,":[116],"fitness":[117],"value,":[118],"CPU":[120],"time.":[121],"To":[122],"investigate":[123],"performance,":[125],"comparative":[127],"study":[128],"bacterial":[130],"foraging":[131],"optimization,":[132,139,145],"artificial":[133],"bee":[134],"colony,":[135],"differential":[136],"evolution,":[137],"wind-driven":[138],"firefly":[140],"algorithm,":[141],"sparse":[142],"particle":[143],"swarm":[144],"cuckoo":[147],"search":[148],"algorithm":[149],"made.":[151],"shows":[155],"better":[156],"average":[157],"fidelity":[158],"parameters":[159],"than":[160],"above-reported":[162],"algorithms.":[163],"It":[164],"also":[165],"takes":[166],"less":[167],"computational":[168],"time":[169],"obtain":[171],"segmented":[172],"images.":[173],"Further,":[174],"graphical":[176],"user":[177],"interface":[178],"developed":[180],"for":[181],"consumer":[182],"electronics":[183],"applications":[184],"which":[185],"would":[186],"be":[187],"fast":[188],"enough":[189],"process":[191],"accurately":[192],"respond":[194],"real-time.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
