{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413277890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3564849","title":"NFT-Based Digital Identity Authentication Framework for the Metaverse Environments","display_name":"NFT-Based Digital Identity Authentication Framework for the Metaverse Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413277890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3564849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3564849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3564849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091305250","display_name":"Wazir Zada Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-4236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192891849","display_name":"University of Wah","ror":"https://ror.org/020we4134","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wazir Zada Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-4236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076822040","display_name":"Ayesha Siddiqa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-6376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192891849","display_name":"University of Wah","ror":"https://ror.org/020we4134","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Siddiqa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-6376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032446328","display_name":"Faisal Alanazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-4916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Alanazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-4916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072011650","display_name":"Muhammad Khurram Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-0533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Khurram Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Information Assurance, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-0533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Information Assurance, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4572,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94051364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"5699","last_page":"5707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13243","display_name":"Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems","score":0.8813999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13243","display_name":"Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems","score":0.8813999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14484","display_name":"Technology and Data Analysis","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.7692000269889832,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6267057657241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5507753491401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5290882587432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4833349883556366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10722020268440247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6267057657241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5507753491401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5290882587432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4833349883556366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10722020268440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3564849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3564849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2296600085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PSAU/2025/R/1446","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","funder_display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3442647037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2025R12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2296240975","https://openalex.org/W4200319646","https://openalex.org/W4295788720","https://openalex.org/W4309484364","https://openalex.org/W4312719048","https://openalex.org/W4318969845","https://openalex.org/W4319986951","https://openalex.org/W4320717855","https://openalex.org/W4378696892","https://openalex.org/W4384519324","https://openalex.org/W4387665611","https://openalex.org/W4387917717","https://openalex.org/W4387934888","https://openalex.org/W4388543782","https://openalex.org/W4390660214","https://openalex.org/W4391696925","https://openalex.org/W4402634371","https://openalex.org/W4403679035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2354346723","https://openalex.org/W2978048732","https://openalex.org/W2393362322","https://openalex.org/W2912135041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71,116],"Metaverse":[1],"creates":[2],"a":[3,44,126],"3D":[4],"virtual":[5],"environment":[6],"similar":[7],"to":[8,65],"the":[9,55,76,107,136],"real":[10],"world,":[11],"enabling":[12],"immersive":[13],"interactions":[14,29],"across":[15],"diverse":[16],"fields":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"education,":[20],"healthcare,":[21],"and":[22,37,60,68,83,92,128],"gaming.":[23],"A":[24],"critical":[25],"aspect":[26],"of":[27,79,113],"these":[28],"is":[30,73],"digital":[31,50,132],"identity":[32,51,133],"authentication,":[33],"which":[34],"ensures":[35],"secure":[36,99],"trustworthy":[38],"user":[39,69],"experiences.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"proposes":[43],"novel":[45],"Non-Fungible":[46],"Token":[47],"(NFT)":[48],"based":[49],"authentication":[52,101,134],"framework":[53,72,118],"for":[54,131],"Metaverse,":[56],"leveraging":[57],"blockchain":[58],"technology":[59],"Elliptic":[61],"Curve":[62],"Cryptography":[63],"(ECC)":[64],"enhance":[66],"security":[67,104],"trust.":[70],"tested":[74],"using":[75],"Automated":[77],"Validation":[78],"Internet":[80],"Security":[81],"Protocols":[82],"Applications":[84],"(AVISPA)":[85],"tool,":[86],"demonstrating":[87],"its":[88],"resilience":[89],"against":[90],"replay":[91],"man-in-the-middle":[93],"(MITM)":[94],"attacks.":[95],"Our":[96],"contributions":[97],"include:(1)a":[98],"NFT-based":[100],"mechanism,(2)a":[102],"formal":[103],"analysis":[105],"validating":[106],"framework\u2019s":[108],"robustness,":[109],"and(3)a":[110],"comprehensive":[111],"discussion":[112],"practical":[114],"implications.":[115],"proposed":[117],"addresses":[119],"key":[120],"gaps":[121],"in":[122,135],"existing":[123],"methods,":[124],"offering":[125],"scalable":[127],"user-friendly":[129],"solution":[130],"Metaverse.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}