{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409310635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3559432","title":"Quantum-Driven Anomaly Detection Framework for Consumer IoT Cyber-Physical Systems","display_name":"Quantum-Driven Anomaly Detection Framework for Consumer IoT Cyber-Physical Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409310635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3559432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3559432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3559432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101557363","display_name":"Khalid Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8236-7441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Technical Specializations Unit, Applied College Muhayil Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","King Khalid University, Engineering and Technical Specializations Unit, Applied College Muhayil Aseer, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Technical Specializations Unit, Applied College Muhayil Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Khalid University, Engineering and Technical Specializations Unit, Applied College Muhayil Aseer, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101909937","display_name":"Sonia Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-8590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349156","display_name":"University of Haripur","ror":"https://ror.org/05vtb1235","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802999120","display_name":"Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","ror":"https://ror.org/04zyfmb02","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802999120"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Youth Affairs, Youth Office Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","Youth Office Haripur, Department of Youth Affairs, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Haripur, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Youth Affairs, Youth Office Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youth Office Haripur, Department of Youth Affairs, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Haripur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802999120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051807223","display_name":"Mahmood ul Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-1471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186365177","display_name":"Institute of Technology of Cambodia","ror":"https://ror.org/054z67s11","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186365177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114414","display_name":"Phnom Penh International University","ror":"https://ror.org/0285m7689","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86346663","display_name":"Royal University of Phnom Penh","ror":"https://ror.org/05rtvan68","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86346663"]}],"countries":["KH","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood Ul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, IIC University of Technology, Phnom Penh, Combodia","Department of Computer Skills, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, IIC University of Technology, Phnom Penh, Combodia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186365177","https://openalex.org/I86346663","https://openalex.org/I4210114414"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Skills, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059731290","display_name":"Kamran Ahmad Awan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-3772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349156","display_name":"University of Haripur","ror":"https://ror.org/05vtb1235","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Ahmad Awan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","Department of Information Technology, University of Haripur, Hattar Road, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156","https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Haripur, Hattar Road, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156","https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014562556","display_name":"Khursheed Aurangzeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-8578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khursheed Aurangzeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014296507","display_name":"Muhammad Shahid Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-6690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahid Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","Department of AI and Software Gachon University Seongnam-si, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Software Gachon University Seongnam-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101557363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9393914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"4859","last_page":"4866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9430999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9430999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9225000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7112544775009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6845657825469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.531843900680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4893021285533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4780074656009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3942326307296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19608625769615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18126532435417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.11163541674613953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7112544775009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6845657825469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.531843900680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4893021285533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4780074656009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3942326307296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19608625769615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18126532435417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11163541674613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3559432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3559432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2904027376","https://openalex.org/W2969575373","https://openalex.org/W3136449072","https://openalex.org/W3164841614","https://openalex.org/W4210277846","https://openalex.org/W4214518706","https://openalex.org/W4283266065","https://openalex.org/W4293473555","https://openalex.org/W4319037055","https://openalex.org/W4361986677","https://openalex.org/W4379982878","https://openalex.org/W4382865033","https://openalex.org/W4386918758","https://openalex.org/W4387319219","https://openalex.org/W4387385596","https://openalex.org/W4387917778","https://openalex.org/W4388286188","https://openalex.org/W4388344502","https://openalex.org/W4388757228","https://openalex.org/W4391093011","https://openalex.org/W4391467989","https://openalex.org/W4399262478","https://openalex.org/W4401163238","https://openalex.org/W4401805720","https://openalex.org/W4404212146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W3019776739","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W2546638913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,37,87,113],"enhance":[4],"the":[5,14,26,115,118],"security":[6],"of":[7,16,58,109,117,136],"Consumer":[8],"IoT":[9],"(CIoT)":[10],"systems":[11],"by":[12],"addressing":[13],"limitations":[15],"traditional":[17],"anomaly":[18,40],"detection":[19,41,94,134],"approaches.":[20],"To":[21],"achieve":[22],"this,":[23],"we":[24],"propose":[25],"Quantum-Driven":[27],"Adaptive":[28,67],"Anomaly":[29],"Detection":[30],"Framework":[31],"(QADAPT),":[32],"a":[33,43,54,59,106,133],"novel":[34],"model":[35,86,119],"designed":[36,112],"enable":[38],"real-time":[39],"through":[42],"quantum-inspired":[44],"adaptive":[45,83],"cognitive":[46],"mapping":[47],"function.":[48],"The":[49,102],"framework":[50],"is":[51],"built":[52],"upon":[53],"multilayered":[55],"architecture":[56],"consisting":[57],"Quantum-State":[60],"Convolutional":[61],"Layer,":[62,65,69],"Synthetic":[63],"Verification":[64],"and":[66,75,96,141],"Mapping":[68],"allowing":[70],"simultaneous":[71],"data":[72],"state":[73],"analysis":[74],"validation":[76],"against":[77],"synthetic":[78],"signals.":[79],"Q-ADAPT":[80,131],"uses":[81],"an":[82],"deep":[84],"learning":[85],"recognize":[88],"evolving":[89],"CIoT":[90],"behavior":[91],"patterns,":[92],"enhancing":[93],"accuracy":[95,135],"resilience":[97],"under":[98,124,144],"varying":[99],"noise":[100],"conditions.":[101,146],"simulation":[103],"environment":[104],"spans":[105],"time":[107],"frame":[108],"340":[110],"minutes,":[111],"evaluate":[114],"robustness":[116],"in":[120,138],"six":[121],"distinct":[122],"scenarios":[123],"Gaussian":[125],"noise.":[126],"Performance":[127],"results":[128],"reveal":[129],"that":[130],"achieves":[132],"97.8%":[137],"lowcomplexity":[139],"environments":[140],"maintains":[142],"91.3%":[143],"high-noise":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}