{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406119303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3526798","title":"Enhanced Generalized Spatial Modulation for STAR-RIS-Aided Vehicular Communication System","display_name":"Enhanced Generalized Spatial Modulation for STAR-RIS-Aided Vehicular Communication System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406119303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3526798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3526798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3526798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014860459","display_name":"Pingping Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1783-2696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Hubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1783-2696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Hubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xue Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1894-5998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1894-5998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110574760","display_name":"Jia Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-4012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-4012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059861484","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-1621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-1621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013478762","display_name":"Shucheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155232","display_name":"Fiberhome Technology Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04yv20134","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155232"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shucheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan, China","Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155232"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81705372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"3731","last_page":"3739"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9358999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space\u2013time-block-code","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","score":0.7988102436065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6561220288276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.606236457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star","display_name":"Star (game theory)","score":0.5966415405273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5939743518829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.5481021404266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.495919793844223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.49280598759651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4873698353767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.47723034024238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4600432217121124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4578368663787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3979884684085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32869482040405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2707168459892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24049577116966248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19812312722206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1767306923866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10697177052497864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83487572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371792","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","level":4,"score":0.7988102436065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6561220288276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.606236457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600592","display_name":"Star (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5966415405273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5939743518829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.5481021404266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.495919793844223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.49280598759651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4873698353767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.47723034024238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4600432217121124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4578368663787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3979884684085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32869482040405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2707168459892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24049577116966248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19812312722206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1767306923866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10697177052497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3526798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2025.3526798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4252036489","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515030118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7177922937","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u591a\u5929\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u7801\u8c03\u5236\u4e0e\u4fe1\u53f7\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071319","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8206843971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023AFB383","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977332235","https://openalex.org/W2028750499","https://openalex.org/W2038619638","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2077132930","https://openalex.org/W2105572715","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2118235111","https://openalex.org/W2520806504","https://openalex.org/W2908815988","https://openalex.org/W2910970804","https://openalex.org/W2986461217","https://openalex.org/W3014914371","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3168061659","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W3210073225","https://openalex.org/W3215641234","https://openalex.org/W3217804057","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4285271674","https://openalex.org/W4289656497","https://openalex.org/W4294811202","https://openalex.org/W4312753067","https://openalex.org/W4313067094","https://openalex.org/W4321488315","https://openalex.org/W4361801977","https://openalex.org/W4362683491","https://openalex.org/W4383337826","https://openalex.org/W4387068024","https://openalex.org/W4388286336","https://openalex.org/W4389169579","https://openalex.org/W4390576925","https://openalex.org/W4391164134","https://openalex.org/W4391249105","https://openalex.org/W4391343028","https://openalex.org/W4391492622","https://openalex.org/W4391791547","https://openalex.org/W4392309162","https://openalex.org/W4395678979","https://openalex.org/W4401508769","https://openalex.org/W4402169874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100169124","https://openalex.org/W2363263113","https://openalex.org/W2160133013","https://openalex.org/W1556745361","https://openalex.org/W2085933817","https://openalex.org/W2117070194","https://openalex.org/W2054827663","https://openalex.org/W2102400249","https://openalex.org/W2370730162","https://openalex.org/W2159823397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,176],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,56],"novel":[4],"scheme":[5,153,166,181],"is":[6,101,129],"proposed":[7,179],"by":[8,63,107],"introducing":[9],"the":[10,60,67,76,81,86,93,98,104,118,133,138,152,164,178,184],"concept":[11],"of":[12,42,80,88,92,121,135,151,173],"generalized":[13],"spatial":[14],"modulation":[15],"(GSM)":[16],"and":[17,25,39,52,109,144],"space-time":[18],"block":[19],"code":[20],"(STBC)":[21],"into":[22,50],"simultaneously":[23],"transmitting":[24],"reflecting":[26],"reconfigurable":[27],"intelligent":[28],"surface":[29,106],"(STAR-RIS)":[30],"for":[31],"vehicular":[32,43],"communication":[33,139],"system.":[34],"To":[35],"improve":[36],"spectral":[37],"efficiency":[38],"diversity":[40],"gain":[41],"system,":[44],"STAR-RIS":[45,105,123],"array":[46],"elements":[47],"are":[48,70,154],"categorized":[49],"reflective":[51],"transmissive":[53],"blocks,":[54],"establishing":[55],"mapping":[57],"relationship":[58],"with":[59,187],"index":[61],"bits":[62],"using":[64],"GSM.":[65],"Subsequently,":[66],"modulated":[68],"symbols":[69],"reflected":[71],"or":[72],"transmitted":[73],"based":[74,156],"on":[75,157],"predetermined":[77],"allocation":[78],"patterns":[79],"blocks.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"to":[84,161],"enhance":[85],"reliability":[87],"signal":[89],"reception,":[90],"one":[91],"most":[94],"renowned":[95],"STBC":[96],"schemes,":[97],"Alamouti":[99],"code,":[100],"employed":[102],"at":[103],"receiving":[108],"detecting":[110],"signals":[111],"across":[112],"two":[113],"consecutive":[114],"time":[115],"slots.":[116],"Furthermore,":[117],"new":[119],"design":[120],"leveraging":[122],"as":[124],"an":[125],"access":[126],"point":[127],"(AP)":[128],"proposed,":[130],"which":[131],"plays":[132],"role":[134],"source":[136],"in":[137,171],"scenario.":[140],"The":[141],"mathematical":[142],"formulas":[143],"theoretical":[145],"average":[146],"bit":[147],"error":[148],"rate":[149],"(BER)":[150],"derived":[155],"preceding":[158],"analysis.":[159],"According":[160],"simulation":[162],"results,":[163],"suggested":[165],"can":[167],"outperform":[168],"conventional":[169],"schemes":[170],"terms":[172],"BER":[174,185],"performance.":[175],"addition,":[177],"redesigned":[180],"further":[182],"improves":[183],"performance":[186,193],"better":[188],"channel":[189],"conditions,":[190],"exhibiting":[191],"excellent":[192],"advantages.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}