{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405845395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3523486","title":"Test-Time Adaptation With Self-Supervised Learning for Gaze Estimation","display_name":"Test-Time Adaptation With Self-Supervised Learning for Gaze Estimation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405845395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3523486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2024.3523486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3523486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030811167","display_name":"Pengwei Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111607","display_name":"InferVision (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/027h3dg90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengwei Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Company Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-976X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Company Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100781661","display_name":"Jingjing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-8405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111607","display_name":"InferVision (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/027h3dg90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Company Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Company Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026068874","display_name":"Xiaojun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-5420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-5420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030811167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6865,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72921836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"75","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6972313523292542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5979424118995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5920515060424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5379353761672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.48414096236228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4612978398799896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43943464756011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2301735281944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22565796971321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6972313523292542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5979424118995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5920515060424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5379353761672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48414096236228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4612978398799896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43943464756011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2301735281944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22565796971321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2024.3523486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3523486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1907891493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52175459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2357579100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJZD20230923113801003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202857846","https://openalex.org/W1988798713","https://openalex.org/W1995694455","https://openalex.org/W2027879843","https://openalex.org/W2042906110","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2321533354","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2510659016","https://openalex.org/W2557669140","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2765629358","https://openalex.org/W2778268008","https://openalex.org/W2793888044","https://openalex.org/W2795718602","https://openalex.org/W2895535699","https://openalex.org/W2939489045","https://openalex.org/W2940475653","https://openalex.org/W2942474547","https://openalex.org/W2961516132","https://openalex.org/W2963530216","https://openalex.org/W2964172519","https://openalex.org/W2982717194","https://openalex.org/W2986102820","https://openalex.org/W3013897564","https://openalex.org/W3034484960","https://openalex.org/W3034591020","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3093575810","https://openalex.org/W3096147990","https://openalex.org/W3100100339","https://openalex.org/W3109237728","https://openalex.org/W3136078915","https://openalex.org/W3185469516","https://openalex.org/W3187383522","https://openalex.org/W3204887624","https://openalex.org/W3211545390","https://openalex.org/W3212103110","https://openalex.org/W4221153079","https://openalex.org/W4312290632","https://openalex.org/W4312303088","https://openalex.org/W4382630103","https://openalex.org/W4385354334","https://openalex.org/W4386075646","https://openalex.org/W4386075759","https://openalex.org/W4387789807","https://openalex.org/W4389297186","https://openalex.org/W4390660214","https://openalex.org/W4390872741","https://openalex.org/W4391529572","https://openalex.org/W4402916560","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6682250724","https://openalex.org/W6747899497","https://openalex.org/W6771876938","https://openalex.org/W6780178746","https://openalex.org/W6781203905","https://openalex.org/W6798512859","https://openalex.org/W6803870738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W3207760378","https://openalex.org/W1986970529","https://openalex.org/W2562758970","https://openalex.org/W1563178652","https://openalex.org/W2947492009","https://openalex.org/W2963556443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gaze":[0],"estimation":[1,68],"plays":[2],"a":[3,61,86,101,105],"significant":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,10,148],"consumer":[7],"electronics,":[8],"particularly":[9],"the":[11,44,72,97,114,138,142,158,168],"realm":[12],"of":[13,47,116,160],"user":[14],"interface":[15],"and":[16,49,93,107,119],"interactive":[17],"technology.":[18],"While":[19],"existing":[20],"methods":[21],"rely":[22],"on":[23,96,104,155,170],"either":[24],"few-shot":[25],"adaptation":[26,33,64,133],"requiring":[27],"annotated":[28,79],"samples":[29,80],"or":[30,78,173],"unsupervised":[31],"domain":[32,36,76,176],"necessitating":[34],"source":[35,75,98,175],"data,":[37],"these":[38],"approaches":[39],"face":[40,106],"limitations":[41],"due":[42],"to":[43,112,145],"high":[45],"cost":[46],"annotation":[48],"data":[50,77],"privacy":[51],"concerns.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"addresses":[55],"this":[56],"critical":[57],"gap":[58],"by":[59],"introducing":[60],"novel":[62],"test-time":[63],"framework":[65],"for":[66,74,81,124],"gaze":[67,125,147],"that":[69,90],"operates":[70],"without":[71,167],"need":[73],"adaptation.":[82],"Here,":[83],"we":[84],"present":[85],"dual-objective":[87],"training":[88],"strategy":[89],"combines":[91],"supervised":[92],"self-supervised":[94,139],"learning":[95,115],"domain,":[99],"with":[100,137],"particular":[102],"focus":[103],"eye":[108,120],"reconstruction":[109],"task":[110],"designed":[111],"enhance":[113],"head":[117],"pose":[118],"direction":[121],"features":[122],"crucial":[123],"estimation.":[126],"At":[127],"test":[128],"time,":[129],"our":[130,161],"model":[131],"undergoes":[132],"solely":[134],"through":[135],"fine-tuning":[136],"objective,":[140],"optimizing":[141],"model\u2019s":[143],"ability":[144],"estimate":[146],"new,":[149],"unseen":[150],"scenarios.":[151],"Our":[152],"extensive":[153],"experiments":[154],"benchmarks":[156],"validate":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"approach,":[162],"demonstrating":[163],"improved":[164],"generalization":[165],"capabilities":[166],"dependency":[169],"expensive":[171],"annotations":[172],"sensitive":[174],"data.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}