{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405718416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3521386","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Physical Layer Security Framework for Internet of Medical Things","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Physical Layer Security Framework for Internet of Medical Things","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405718416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3521386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2024.3521386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3521386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019371101","display_name":"Mian Muaz Razaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mian Muaz Razaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102229142","display_name":"Yan Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045371931","display_name":"Limei Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-9861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125608817","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/041hz9568","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125608817"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limei Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","South Korea, and Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Korea, and Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125608817","https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089628133","display_name":"Pin\u2013Han Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0717-1481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pin-Han Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019371101"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4974,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68209001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"4487","last_page":"4496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.640500009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.640500009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.6399000287055969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13693","display_name":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","score":0.6105999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6772955656051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6121645569801331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5988140106201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5501202344894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5424187779426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44863173365592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.44708847999572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.44262754917144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3512834906578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32671332359313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3214907944202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3209761381149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2473646104335785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2470112442970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1926809847354889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.12737858295440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1109221875667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.10952475666999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10107064247131348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6772955656051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6121645569801331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5988140106201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5501202344894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5424187779426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44863173365592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.44708847999572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.44262754917144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3512834906578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32671332359313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3214907944202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3209761381149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2473646104335785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2470112442970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1926809847354889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12737858295440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1109221875667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.10952475666999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10107064247131348}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2024.3521386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3521386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2516669029","https://openalex.org/W2988089672","https://openalex.org/W3090402869","https://openalex.org/W3209298344","https://openalex.org/W4213413464","https://openalex.org/W4225765847","https://openalex.org/W4280557042","https://openalex.org/W4283688663","https://openalex.org/W4285034229","https://openalex.org/W4285202644","https://openalex.org/W4285217437","https://openalex.org/W4285238032","https://openalex.org/W4309741570","https://openalex.org/W4310804550","https://openalex.org/W4312649065","https://openalex.org/W4366386419","https://openalex.org/W4368232716","https://openalex.org/W4377969881","https://openalex.org/W4380631641","https://openalex.org/W4382138861","https://openalex.org/W4383428404","https://openalex.org/W4385194850","https://openalex.org/W4386219768","https://openalex.org/W4386352981","https://openalex.org/W4386386840","https://openalex.org/W4387705573","https://openalex.org/W4392172699","https://openalex.org/W4402474682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W1996682030","https://openalex.org/W2504933265","https://openalex.org/W2363409630","https://openalex.org/W2326397199","https://openalex.org/W2216035532","https://openalex.org/W1585302186","https://openalex.org/W2181429049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,17,145],"Medical":[3],"Things":[4],"(IoMT)":[5],"is":[6],"transforming":[7],"modern":[8],"healthcare":[9,76,130],"information":[10],"systems":[11],"by":[12,41,81],"connecting":[13],"a":[14,43,67,71],"diverse":[15],"array":[16],"medical":[18,32,161],"devices":[19,77,110],"and":[20,25,115,123,140,164],"sensors.":[21],"However,":[22],"significant":[23],"security":[24,60],"privacy":[26],"challenges":[27,40],"arise":[28],"when":[29],"handling":[30],"confidential":[31],"data":[33,162],"during":[34],"transmission.":[35],"This":[36,83],"paper":[37],"addresses":[38],"these":[39],"proposing":[42],"Physical":[44],"Layer":[45],"Security":[46],"(PLS)":[47],"framework":[48,65,106],"integrated":[49],"with":[50,154],"Cell-Free":[51],"Massive":[52],"Multiple":[53,55],"Input":[54],"Output":[56],"(CF-mMIMO)":[57],"to":[58,78,139,166],"enhance":[59],"in":[61,127,152],"IoMT":[62],"environments.":[63],"introduces":[66],"safe":[68],"zone":[69],"(SZ),":[70],"protected":[72],"area":[73],"surrounding":[74],"legitimate":[75],"prevent":[79],"access":[80],"eavesdroppers.":[82],"spatial":[84,143],"segmentation":[85],"enables":[86],"precise":[87],"beamforming":[88],"within":[89],"the":[90,101,105,142],"SZ":[91],"while":[92],"amplifying":[93],"artificial":[94],"noise":[95],"(AN)":[96],"outside":[97],"it,":[98],"significantly":[99],"boosting":[100],"secrecy":[102,149],"rate.":[103],"Additionally,":[104],"dynamically":[107],"selects":[108],"communication":[109,126],"based":[111],"on":[112],"channel":[113],"quality":[114],"orthogonality,":[116],"optimizing":[117],"network":[118],"resources,":[119],"reducing":[120],"inter-user":[121],"interference,":[122],"ensuring":[124],"high-quality":[125],"densely":[128],"deployed":[129],"settings.":[131],"Simulation":[132],"results":[133],"confirm":[134],"that":[135],"our":[136],"approach":[137],"adapts":[138],"leverages":[141],"dynamics":[144],"eavesdroppers,":[146],"maintaining":[147],"high":[148],"rates":[150],"even":[151],"scenarios":[153],"increased":[155],"eavesdropper":[156],"presence,":[157],"thus":[158],"keeping":[159],"sensitive":[160],"secure":[163],"unreadable":[165],"unauthorized":[167],"entities.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
