{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403094604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3472707","title":"DDoS Intrusions Detection in Low Power SD-IoT Devices Leveraging Effective Machine Learning","display_name":"DDoS Intrusions Detection in Low Power SD-IoT Devices Leveraging Effective Machine Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403094604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3472707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2024.3472707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3472707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056586306","display_name":"Jehad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-7924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jehad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI Convergence Network, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI Convergence Network, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079301418","display_name":"Houbing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houbing Herbert Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","Department of Information Systems University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090844918","display_name":"Vandana Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-2365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48018076","display_name":"Christ University","ror":"https://ror.org/022tv9y30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48018076"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vandana Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Sciences, Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India","Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Sciences, Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48018076"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48018076"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035936578","display_name":"Mahmoud Ahmad Al\u2010Khasawneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-0237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799888298","display_name":"Skyline University College","ror":"https://ror.org/05r7nbf33","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799888298"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Skyline University College, University City Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Skyline University College, University City Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799888298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056586306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88419932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"343","last_page":"351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.747835636138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6109126210212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-low-power","display_name":"Ultra low power","score":0.5976691246032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5694493651390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45544150471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43942901492118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34648454189300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.23280969262123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22200703620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1623363494873047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.747835636138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6109126210212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017773396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Ultra low power","level":4,"score":0.5976691246032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5694493651390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45544150471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43942901492118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34648454189300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.23280969262123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22200703620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1623363494873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2024.3472707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3472707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2462597051","https://openalex.org/W2998008813","https://openalex.org/W3012437309","https://openalex.org/W3042433202","https://openalex.org/W3112187930","https://openalex.org/W3116662347","https://openalex.org/W3159175466","https://openalex.org/W3202905974","https://openalex.org/W4224939103","https://openalex.org/W4226342332","https://openalex.org/W4285987374","https://openalex.org/W4311120686","https://openalex.org/W4312610635","https://openalex.org/W4316039105","https://openalex.org/W4319445146","https://openalex.org/W4377691173","https://openalex.org/W4382865033","https://openalex.org/W4383751021","https://openalex.org/W4383873907","https://openalex.org/W4385625058","https://openalex.org/W4385975739","https://openalex.org/W4391708331","https://openalex.org/W4391759599","https://openalex.org/W4391936471","https://openalex.org/W4391971297","https://openalex.org/W4392449470","https://openalex.org/W4392693719","https://openalex.org/W4392746143","https://openalex.org/W4392858312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W4230824443","https://openalex.org/W4377970398","https://openalex.org/W3026018975","https://openalex.org/W2185673024","https://openalex.org/W1484565796","https://openalex.org/W2142794587","https://openalex.org/W2465437861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"and":[1,22,38,85,140,161,188,196],"privacy":[2],"are":[3],"significant":[4],"concerns":[5],"in":[6,79,127,134,149],"software-defined":[7],"networking":[8],"(SDN)-applied":[9],"Internet":[10],"of":[11,19,41,50,89,122,130,137,144,156,165,172,181,204],"Things":[12],"(IoT)":[13],"environments,":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,32,47,168,186],"the":[17,23,48,86,90,103,109,123,128,135,142,154,157,163,166,170,173,179,192,202,205],"proliferation":[18],"connected":[20],"devices":[21,65,139],"potential":[24],"for":[25,62,66,102,132,146],"cyberattacks.":[26],"Hence,":[27],"robust":[28],"security":[29],"mechanisms":[30],"need":[31],"be":[33],"developed,":[34],"including":[35],"authentication,":[36],"encryption,":[37],"distributed":[39],"denial":[40],"service":[42],"(DDoS)":[43],"attack":[44,68],"detection,":[45],"tailored":[46],"constraints":[49,88],"low-power":[51,63],"IoT":[52,64,92],"devices.":[53],"Selecting":[54],"a":[55,99,118],"suitable":[56],"tiny":[57],"machine":[58,124,158],"learning":[59,125,159],"(TinyML)":[60],"algorithm":[61,106,126],"DDoS":[67],"detection":[69],"involves":[70],"considering":[71],"various":[72],"factors":[73],"such":[74],"as":[75],"computational":[76],"complexity,":[77],"robustness":[78],"dealing":[80],"with":[81,184],"heterogeneous":[82],"data,":[83],"accuracy,":[84,195],"specific":[87],"target":[91],"device.":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"we":[97,116,152,177],"present":[98],"two-fold":[100],"approach":[101],"optimal":[104],"TinyML":[105,133,147],"selection":[107],"leveraging":[108],"hybrid":[110],"analytical":[111],"network":[112],"process":[113],"(HANP).":[114],"First,":[115],"make":[117],"comparative":[119],"analysis":[120],"(qualitative)":[121],"context":[129],"suitability":[131,145],"domain":[136],"SD-IoT":[138],"generate":[141],"weights":[143],"applications":[148],"SD-IoT.":[150],"Then":[151],"evaluate":[153],"performance":[155],"algorithms":[160],"validate":[162],"results":[164,200],"model":[167],"demonstrate":[169,201],"effectiveness":[171,203],"proposed":[174],"method.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"see":[178],"effect":[180],"dimensionality":[182],"reduction":[183],"respect":[185],"features":[187],"how":[189],"it":[190],"affects":[191],"precision,":[193],"recall,":[194],"F1":[197],"score.":[198],"The":[199],"scheme.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}