{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392399461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3372018","title":"Secure AI for 6G Mobile Devices: Deep Learning Optimization Against Side-Channel Attacks","display_name":"Secure AI for 6G Mobile Devices: Deep Learning Optimization Against Side-Channel Attacks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392399461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3372018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2024.3372018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3372018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002040454","display_name":"Amjed Abbas Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-2967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjed Abbas Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084720361","display_name":"Mohammad Kamrul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-0205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kamrul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-0205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079610324","display_name":"Imran Memon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-4805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45164037","display_name":"Shah Abdul Latif University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s232b27","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Shah Abdul Latif University (Shahdadkot), Shahdadkot, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Shah Abdul Latif University (Shahdadkot), Shahdadkot, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073112703","display_name":"Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-6736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45164037","display_name":"Shah Abdul Latif University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s232b27","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Shah Abdul Latif University (Shahdadkot), Shahdadkot, Pakistan","Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-6736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Shah Abdul Latif University (Shahdadkot), Shahdadkot, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101532570","display_name":"Shayla Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55285296","display_name":"UCSI University","ror":"https://ror.org/019787q29","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55285296"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shayla Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation, UCSI University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation, UCSI University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55285296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041854978","display_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN","LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, School of Information Technology and Engineering, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon","Division of Research and development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, School of Information Technology and Engineering, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072292929","display_name":"Sufyan Ali Memon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-9990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sufyan Ali Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Defense Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Defense systems Engineering, Sejong university, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-9990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense systems Engineering, Sejong university, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98003922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"3951","last_page":"3959"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7722223401069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6603773236274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45464712381362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4217495024204254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4196214973926544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3666227459907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35162824392318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3434053957462311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.126858651638031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7722223401069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6603773236274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45464712381362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4217495024204254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4196214973926544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3666227459907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35162824392318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3434053957462311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.126858651638031}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2024.3372018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2024.3372018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2368251012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DIP-2022-021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","funder_display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990296674","https://openalex.org/W2997630374","https://openalex.org/W3021603394","https://openalex.org/W3084953801","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3166170034","https://openalex.org/W3202257033","https://openalex.org/W3203012334","https://openalex.org/W3216772124","https://openalex.org/W4206230818","https://openalex.org/W4210610767","https://openalex.org/W4285110229","https://openalex.org/W4311187262","https://openalex.org/W4316022144","https://openalex.org/W4321378433","https://openalex.org/W4376481220","https://openalex.org/W4378175534","https://openalex.org/W4378981422","https://openalex.org/W4379382373","https://openalex.org/W4381235964","https://openalex.org/W4382054993","https://openalex.org/W4385338882","https://openalex.org/W4385688247","https://openalex.org/W4387490462","https://openalex.org/W4387850607","https://openalex.org/W4391061070","https://openalex.org/W6850016543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323824501","https://openalex.org/W2355552010","https://openalex.org/W182679101","https://openalex.org/W3006344745","https://openalex.org/W2103519941","https://openalex.org/W3180573957","https://openalex.org/W2162805750","https://openalex.org/W2043669269","https://openalex.org/W4388856880","https://openalex.org/W2081998479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning-driven":[1],"side-channel":[2,10,95,172],"analysis":[3],"(SCA)":[4],"is":[5,41,70,149],"a":[6,27],"promising":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,60],"analytic":[11],"profiling.":[12],"Recent":[13],"studies":[14],"have":[15],"shown":[16],"that":[17,56,123,146],"neural":[18,35,48,75,84,155],"networks":[19,36],"can":[20,177],"successfully":[21],"attack":[22,31],"defended":[23],"targets,":[24],"even":[25],"with":[26],"small":[28],"number":[29],"of":[30,137,152,160,182],"traces.":[32],"However,":[33],"developing":[34],"requires":[37],"fine-tuning":[38],"hyperparameters,":[39],"which":[40,97],"challenging":[42],"and":[43,82,94,110,115,131,141,185],"time-consuming,":[44],"especially":[45],"for":[46,66],"complex":[47],"networks.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51],"proposes":[52],"an":[53,188],"AutoSCA":[54,88,126,130],"framework":[55,69,89,107],"uses":[57],"Bayesian":[58,147],"optimization":[59,148,170],"automate":[61],"deep":[62,91,168],"learning":[63,92,169],"hyperparameter":[64],"tuning":[65],"SCA.":[67],"The":[68,87,106,119],"implemented":[71],"using":[72,112],"two":[73],"popular":[74],"network":[76,85,156],"architectures:":[77],"the":[78,113,124,128,153,180],"multi-layer":[79],"perceptron":[80],"(MLP)":[81],"convolutional":[83],"(CNN).":[86],"improves":[90],"performance":[93],"measurements,":[96],"has":[98],"potential":[99],"applications":[100],"in":[101,135,163,174,187],"6G":[102],"communication-based":[103],"mobile":[104],"devices.":[105],"was":[108],"trained":[109],"evaluated":[111],"ASCAD":[114],"CHES":[116],"CTF":[117],"datasets.":[118],"experimental":[120],"results":[121],"showed":[122],"CNN-based":[125],"outperformed":[127],"MLP-based":[129],"other":[132],"state-of-the-art":[133],"models,":[134],"terms":[136],"low":[138],"time":[139],"complexity":[140],"higher":[142],"accuracy.":[143],"Results":[144],"suggest":[145],"effective":[150],"regardless":[151],"dataset,":[154],"architecture,":[157],"or":[158],"type":[159],"leaky":[161],"prototype":[162],"defeating":[164],"contemporary":[165],"attacks.":[166],"Applying":[167],"against":[171],"attacks":[173],"consumer":[175],"electronics":[176],"significantly":[178],"enhance":[179],"security":[181],"user":[183],"data":[184],"privacy":[186],"increasingly":[189],"connected.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
