{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390480978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3348767","title":"IEEE 2668 Compliant Adaptive Quantitative Risk Analysis Strategy Using STPA: An Elevator Safety Perspective","display_name":"IEEE 2668 Compliant Adaptive Quantitative Risk Analysis Strategy Using STPA: An Elevator Safety Perspective","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390480978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3348767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2023.3348767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3348767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015014802","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-8446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-8446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037894365","display_name":"Kim Fung Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-227X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600959","display_name":"Nanfang College Guangzhou","ror":"https://ror.org/04vrxqg89","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600959"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Fung Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-227X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I4400600959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021393970","display_name":"Chung Kit Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung Kit Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-6294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015014802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81390703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"78","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevator","display_name":"Elevator","score":0.8626164793968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5353857278823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5295442342758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.42818623781204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38750359416007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.32871711254119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29718902707099915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147021018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252451","display_name":"Elevator","level":2,"score":0.8626164793968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5353857278823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5295442342758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42818623781204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38750359416007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32871711254119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29718902707099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2023.3348767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3348767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1044295372","https://openalex.org/W2097409583","https://openalex.org/W2134732423","https://openalex.org/W2257900531","https://openalex.org/W2320138422","https://openalex.org/W2652083263","https://openalex.org/W2811509783","https://openalex.org/W2969757870","https://openalex.org/W2969933174","https://openalex.org/W3012241556","https://openalex.org/W3037096612","https://openalex.org/W3092012490","https://openalex.org/W3122163175","https://openalex.org/W3132474088","https://openalex.org/W3135095094","https://openalex.org/W3162781113","https://openalex.org/W4205964479","https://openalex.org/W4206050856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241837227","https://openalex.org/W1507618586","https://openalex.org/W1992739161","https://openalex.org/W2905031437","https://openalex.org/W4327521044","https://openalex.org/W4308506277","https://openalex.org/W3114949286","https://openalex.org/W3159687493","https://openalex.org/W1895091921","https://openalex.org/W2982428536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,98,125,174],"diagnosis":[1,27],"(i.e.,":[2],"risk":[3,44,61,102],"analysis)":[4],"of":[5,17,56,60,103,242,264],"the":[6,14,18,54,58,101,104,121,130,137,147,161,164,171,178,189,193,198,211,218,221,226,234,239,246,250,262],"elevator":[7,19,26,105,155],"system":[8,88,106],"is":[9,93,149,214],"a":[10,52,71,108],"significant":[11],"challenge":[12],"with":[13,107],"rapid":[15],"growth":[16],"market":[20],"in":[21,95,177,266],"consumer":[22],"electronics.":[23],"traditional":[25],"strategies":[28],"focus":[29],"on":[30,42],"detecting":[31],"faults":[32],"or":[33,48],"predicting":[34],"potential":[35],"malfunctions.":[36],"However,":[37],"these":[38],"solutions":[39],"largely":[40],"hinge":[41],"qualitative":[43],"assessments,":[45],"delivering":[46],"risky":[47],"risk-free":[49],"outcomes.":[50],"As":[51],"result,":[53],"task":[55],"comprehending":[57],"level":[59],"and":[62,208,223,252],"subsequently":[63],"developing":[64],"countermeasures":[65,243],"that":[66,229],"are":[67,258],"appropriately":[68],"adaptable":[69],"presents":[70],"formidable":[72],"challenge.":[73],"To":[74,186],"address":[75],"this":[76,96],"challenge,":[77],"an":[78,150,183],"IEEE":[79,138,151],"2668-compliant":[80,152],"Adaptive":[81],"Quantitative":[82],"Risk":[83],"Analysis":[84],"strategy":[85],"(AQRAS)":[86],"using":[87,117],"theoretical":[89],"process":[90],"analysis":[91],"(STPA)":[92],"proposed":[94],"paper.":[97],"AQRAS":[99,148,162,265],"analyzes":[100],"safety":[109],"index":[110,133],"(SDex)":[111],"ranging":[112],"from":[113,120],"0":[114],"to":[115,170,216,244,260],"5,":[116],"measurements":[118],"derived":[119],"Internet-of-Things":[122],"(IoT)":[123],"network.":[124],"SDex":[126],"was":[127],"inspired":[128],"by":[129,136,196,233],"IoT":[131],"maturity":[132],"(IDex)":[134],"created":[135],"2668":[139],"global":[140],"standard":[141],"for":[142,154,238],"evaluating":[143],"IoT-related":[144],"applications.":[145],"Consequently,":[146],"development":[153],"diagnosis.":[156],"Specifically,":[157],"incorporating":[158],"STPA":[159,190],"into":[160],"improves":[163],"key":[165,194],"assessment":[166],"feature":[167,175],"identification":[168],"compared":[169],"original":[172,179],"framework.":[173],"recognition":[176],"IDex":[180],"framework":[181],"lacks":[182],"instructive":[184],"technique.":[185],"complete":[187],"this,":[188],"finds":[191],"out":[192],"features":[195,222],"analyzing":[197],"interactions":[199],"among":[200],"intra-system":[201],"components,":[202],"which":[203],"makes":[204],"it":[205],"more":[206],"exhaustive":[207],"methodical.":[209],"Moreover,":[210],"complex":[212],"network":[213],"utilized":[215],"investigate":[217],"relationships":[219],"between":[220],"therefore":[224],"identify":[225],"riskiest":[227],"components":[228],"could":[230],"be":[231],"impacted":[232],"features.":[235],"This":[236],"allows":[237],"adaptive":[240],"design":[241],"mitigate":[245],"risks.":[247],"Leveraging":[248],"both":[249],"experimental":[251],"simulation":[253],"data,":[254],"two":[255,267],"case":[256],"studies":[257],"presented":[259],"demonstrate":[261],"application":[263],"different":[268],"scenarios.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
