{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389230177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3335155","title":"Enhancing Traffic Flow Prediction in Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems: A Novel Bi-LSTM-Based Approach With Kalman Filter Integration","display_name":"Enhancing Traffic Flow Prediction in Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems: A Novel Bi-LSTM-Based Approach With Kalman Filter Integration","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389230177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3335155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2023.3335155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3335155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025820678","display_name":"Mohammed Aljebreen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-733X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Aljebreen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030440060","display_name":"Hayam Alamro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-8086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayam Alamro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdul rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-8086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdul rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012463978","display_name":"Fuad Al-Mutiri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuad Al-Mutiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayil, Saudi Arabia","Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayil, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016210029","display_name":"Kamal M. Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-0751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal M. Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-0751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050831097","display_name":"Albandari Alsumayt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2137-260X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albandari Alsumayt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2137-260X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sana Alazwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-541X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sana Alazwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-541X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072745905","display_name":"Manar Ahmed Hamza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-1174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manar Ahmed Hamza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-1174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074729511","display_name":"Gouse Pasha Mohammed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gouse Pasha Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-9872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89584195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"1889","last_page":"1902"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.8166825175285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6532509326934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.6321384310722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4284643530845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4222849905490875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.32508939504623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22642579674720764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.8166825175285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6532509326934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.6321384310722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4284643530845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4222849905490875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32508939504623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22642579674720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2023.3335155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3335155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2317064518","https://openalex.org/W2727387027","https://openalex.org/W2789543153","https://openalex.org/W2800890256","https://openalex.org/W2914850952","https://openalex.org/W3005489823","https://openalex.org/W3018929327","https://openalex.org/W3040275518","https://openalex.org/W3049554854","https://openalex.org/W3050862020","https://openalex.org/W3110438971","https://openalex.org/W3117675108","https://openalex.org/W3120785768","https://openalex.org/W3128307301","https://openalex.org/W3158360589","https://openalex.org/W3215487046","https://openalex.org/W4205562975","https://openalex.org/W4205769419","https://openalex.org/W4210683627","https://openalex.org/W4211004335","https://openalex.org/W4213077023","https://openalex.org/W4220825981","https://openalex.org/W4225923962","https://openalex.org/W4285220706","https://openalex.org/W4285255766","https://openalex.org/W4285302780","https://openalex.org/W4286488471","https://openalex.org/W4288062319","https://openalex.org/W4292981732","https://openalex.org/W4293195550","https://openalex.org/W4293211801","https://openalex.org/W4294982617","https://openalex.org/W4297095047","https://openalex.org/W4297229106","https://openalex.org/W4308422404","https://openalex.org/W4310758029","https://openalex.org/W4310790298","https://openalex.org/W4312732298","https://openalex.org/W4313030791","https://openalex.org/W4313134679","https://openalex.org/W4313174306","https://openalex.org/W4313894583","https://openalex.org/W4319341976","https://openalex.org/W4320018428","https://openalex.org/W4320039356","https://openalex.org/W4327545630","https://openalex.org/W4328136174","https://openalex.org/W4361275963","https://openalex.org/W4376456657","https://openalex.org/W4379409146","https://openalex.org/W4383220122","https://openalex.org/W4386254442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W3019776739","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2791379413","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W4319436466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"transportation":[1],"systems":[2],"(ITS)":[3],"are":[4],"pivotal":[5],"in":[6,101,172,184,219],"modern":[7],"urban":[8],"development":[9],"by":[10,197,214,228,233],"enhancing":[11],"mobility":[12],"and":[13,32,43,64,85,104,141],"transit":[14],"efficiency.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,38,65,76,121,145,154,163,222,234],"challenges":[18,42],"of":[19,78,82,147,170,204,207],"accurate":[20],"short-term":[21,185],"traffic":[22,28,50,95,106,148,174,186,244],"prediction":[23,96,187],"persist":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26,48,74,91,143],"real-time":[27,105],"data\u2019s":[29],"dynamic,":[30],"nonlinear,":[31],"non-stationary":[33],"nature.":[34],"In":[35,161,237],"this":[36],"study,":[37],"author":[39,114,136],"addresses":[40],"these":[41],"proposes":[44],"a":[45,56,93,167,181,198,202],"novel":[46],"approach":[47],"improve":[49],"flow":[51],"prediction.":[52],"Our":[53,150],"research":[54],"introduces":[55],"hybrid":[57],"model,":[58],"combining":[59],"Long-Short":[60],"Term":[61],"Memory":[62],"(LSTM)":[63],"Kalman":[66],"filter-based":[67],"Rauch-Tung-Striebel":[68],"(RTS)":[69],"noise":[70],"reduction":[71],"technique,":[72],"tailored":[73],"mitigate":[75],"limitations":[77],"low":[79],"market":[80],"penetration":[81],"connected":[83],"vehicles":[84],"data":[86],"availability.":[87],"This":[88],"paper":[89],"aims":[90],"provide":[92],"robust":[94],"solution":[97],"with":[98,201,221],"direct":[99],"applications":[100],"smart":[102],"cities":[103],"management.":[107],"To":[108],"evaluate":[109],"our":[110,139],"model\u2019s":[111],"efficacy,":[112],"The":[113,135,189,211],"conducted":[115],"an":[116],"empirical":[117],"case":[118],"study":[119],"using":[120],"Enhanced":[122],"Next":[123],"Generation":[124],"Simulation":[125],"(NGSIM)":[126],"dataset,":[127],"which":[128],"offers":[129],"highly":[130],"granular":[131],"vehicle":[132],"trajectory":[133],"data.":[134],"rigorously":[137],"analyses":[138],"methodology":[140],"algorithms":[142],"assess":[144],"quality":[146],"predictions.":[149],"results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153,193,226],"proposed":[155],"model":[156,165],"outperforms":[157,195,240],"traditional":[158],"LSTM":[159,196,229,241],"models.":[160],"particular,":[162],"Bi-LSTM/RTS":[164],"achieved":[166],"remarkable":[168],"accuracy":[169],"99%":[171],"predicting":[173,243],"patterns":[175],"during":[176],"sunny":[177],"weather":[178],"conditions,":[179],"signifying":[180],"significant":[182],"advancement":[183],"accuracy.":[188],"evaluation":[190],"metrics":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"Bi-LSTM":[194,215,239],"wide":[199],"margin,":[200],"coefficient":[203],"determination":[205],"value":[206],"0.99":[208],"against":[209],"0.97.":[210],"trend":[212,224],"anticipated":[213],"(8.6%)":[216],"is":[217],"more":[218],"line":[220],"actual":[223],"than":[225],"projected":[227],"(8.9%),":[230],"as":[231],"seen":[232],"smaller":[235],"MAPE.":[236],"conclusion,":[238],"at":[242],"patterns.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}