{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387789932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3325419","title":"SecureBlock: An ML-Blockchain Consumer-Centric Sustainable Solution for Industry 5.0","display_name":"SecureBlock: An ML-Blockchain Consumer-Centric Sustainable Solution for Industry 5.0","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387789932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3325419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2023.3325419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3325419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077775180","display_name":"Geetanjali Rathee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-1912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36090812","display_name":"Netaji Subhas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01fczmh85","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36090812"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geetanjali Rathee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-1912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36090812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091140244","display_name":"Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-519X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","display_name":"University of Laghouat","ror":"https://ror.org/018bbh535","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d&#x2019;Informatique et de Math&#x00E9;matiques, Universit&#x00E9; Amar Telidji de Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-519X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d&#x2019;Informatique et de Math&#x00E9;matiques, Universit&#x00E9; Amar Telidji de Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066242048","display_name":"Carlos T. Calafate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-3041"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos T. Calafate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department (DISCA), Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Val&#x00E8;ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-3041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department (DISCA), Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Val&#x00E8;ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030571647","display_name":"Mohammed Seghir Halimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114564095","display_name":"University of Ouargla","ror":"https://ror.org/05amrd548","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Seghir Halimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, Kasdi Merbah University of Ouargla, Ouargla, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, Kasdi Merbah University of Ouargla, Ouargla, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077775180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36090812"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8295,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96337926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"1452","last_page":"1462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7376159429550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6151939630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5204603672027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.4992091655731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48765575885772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4446165859699249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4400147497653961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4270877540111542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.41867369413375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.41711127758026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3655626177787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18553206324577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.18420550227165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1252548098564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12373349070549011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7376159429550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6151939630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5204603672027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4992091655731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48765575885772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4446165859699249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4400147497653961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4270877540111542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.41867369413375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.41711127758026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3655626177787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18553206324577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.18420550227165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1252548098564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12373349070549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2023.3325419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2023.3325419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/221916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/221916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400639","display_name":"RiuNet (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622782223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3449951456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122580NB-100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G451917667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5967599077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7193106315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122580NB-100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988232976","https://openalex.org/W2005800489","https://openalex.org/W2036635911","https://openalex.org/W2908815325","https://openalex.org/W2946587028","https://openalex.org/W2963012143","https://openalex.org/W2975226054","https://openalex.org/W3004036452","https://openalex.org/W3005476254","https://openalex.org/W3017008673","https://openalex.org/W3017089210","https://openalex.org/W3039940949","https://openalex.org/W3082118501","https://openalex.org/W3094632058","https://openalex.org/W3128172745","https://openalex.org/W3128509872","https://openalex.org/W3134032143","https://openalex.org/W3183966114","https://openalex.org/W3202544841","https://openalex.org/W4226227702","https://openalex.org/W4283650435","https://openalex.org/W4285122672","https://openalex.org/W4285257545","https://openalex.org/W4285815943","https://openalex.org/W4288061571","https://openalex.org/W4290755273","https://openalex.org/W4295832061","https://openalex.org/W4307631568","https://openalex.org/W4312156850","https://openalex.org/W4319978050","https://openalex.org/W4321487879","https://openalex.org/W4377007337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Consumer":[0],"Electronics":[1],"(CE)":[2],"are":[3,123],"defined":[4],"as":[5,15,100],"one":[6,145],"of":[7,27,41,56,69,97,116,146,151,168,195,235],"the":[8,39,60,101,110,117,121,127,141,147,166,172,192,203,208,227],"emerging":[9],"trends":[10],"where":[11],"smart":[12,17],"devices,":[13,22],"such":[14,43,57],"refrigerators,":[16],"phones,":[18],"or":[19],"house":[20],"hold":[21],"generate":[23],"a":[24,136,177,199],"huge":[25,67],"amount":[26],"information":[28,102,142],"by":[29],"communicating":[30],"among":[31],"each":[32,196],"other":[33],"without":[34],"any":[35],"human":[36],"intervention.":[37],"Yet,":[38],"speed":[40],"producing":[42],"products":[44],"greatly":[45],"differs":[46],"from":[47],"what":[48],"would":[49],"be":[50],"an":[51,106,157,183],"optimal":[52],"utilization":[53],"and":[54,65,79,88,198,205],"integration":[55],"devices":[58,174],"in":[59,95,120,131,144,207,233,239],"environment.":[61],"In":[62,112,180],"addition,":[63],"generating":[64],"transmitting":[66],"amounts":[68],"data":[70],"within":[71],"heterogeneous":[72],"networks":[73],"produces":[74],"e-wastage":[75],"(excessive":[76],"storage,":[77],"energy":[78],"computational":[80],"requirements)":[81],"that":[82,89,226],"further":[83],"leads":[84],"to":[85,125,139,171,190,241],"environmental":[86],"crises,":[87],"can":[90],"raise":[91],"severe":[92],"security":[93,206,220],"problems":[94],"terms":[96,234],"network":[98,201],"trustworthiness,":[99],"is":[103,188,213,230],"conveyed":[104],"using":[105,156,218],"open":[107],"channel,":[108],"i.e.,":[109],"Internet.":[111],"this":[113,132],"regard,":[114],"most":[115,148],"solutions":[118],"reported":[119],"literature":[122],"inadequate":[124],"handle":[126],"aforementioned":[128],"issues.":[129],"Hence,":[130],"paper,":[133],"we":[134,164],"propose":[135],"lightweight":[137],"solution":[138],"secure":[140],"transmission":[143],"relevant":[149],"applications":[150],"CE,":[152],"i.e.":[153],"IIoT":[154],"networks,":[155],"ML-based":[158],"Hidden":[159],"Markov":[160],"Model":[161],"(HMM)":[162],"whereby":[163],"compute":[165],"degree":[167],"trust":[169],"associated":[170],"different":[173],"based":[175],"on":[176],"blockchain":[178,200],"mechanism.":[179],"our":[181],"proposal,":[182],"Intrusion":[184],"Detection":[185],"System":[186],"(IDS)":[187],"used":[189],"inspect":[191],"continuous":[193],"behaviour":[194],"node,":[197],"ensures":[202],"transparency":[204],"network.":[209],"The":[210],"proposed":[211,228],"technique":[212,229],"validated":[214],"against":[215],"existing":[216,242],"mechanisms":[217],"various":[219],"metrics.":[221],"Extensive":[222],"simulation":[223],"results":[224],"demonstrate":[225],"more":[231],"effective":[232],"malicious":[236],"node":[237],"identification":[238],"comparison":[240],"schemes.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
