{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308602935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2022.3209791","title":"Unsupervised Enhancement and Web Tool for Perceptually Invisible Type Degraded Image","display_name":"Unsupervised Enhancement and Web Tool for Perceptually Invisible Type Degraded Image","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308602935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2022.3209791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2022.3209791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2022.3209791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051124509","display_name":"Mohit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-8916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11793825","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/056wyhh33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11793825","https://openalex.org/I4210152752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I236004819","display_name":"Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jgpa018","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I236004819"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, Muzaffarpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-8916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11793825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, Muzaffarpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I236004819"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066467382","display_name":"Ashish Kumar Bhandari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-8125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11793825","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/056wyhh33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11793825","https://openalex.org/I4210152752"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Kumar Bhandari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-8125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11793825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68771841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"4","first_page":"401","last_page":"410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7034145593643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6602859497070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6159917116165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.5618144869804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.49090343713760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.48257961869239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4796748161315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.47659510374069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.47456175088882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.42084503173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.39768826961517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17020565271377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.160647451877594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7034145593643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6602859497070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6159917116165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.5618144869804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.49090343713760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.48257961869239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4796748161315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.47659510374069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47456175088882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.42084503173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.39768826961517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17020565271377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.160647451877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2022.3209791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2022.3209791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533162639","https://openalex.org/W1974013408","https://openalex.org/W2054814429","https://openalex.org/W2074396563","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2102991577","https://openalex.org/W2114770744","https://openalex.org/W2118002060","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141704978","https://openalex.org/W2167560080","https://openalex.org/W2171349048","https://openalex.org/W2430408220","https://openalex.org/W2587580983","https://openalex.org/W2601040106","https://openalex.org/W2791710889","https://openalex.org/W2792629822","https://openalex.org/W2794541395","https://openalex.org/W2799396445","https://openalex.org/W2902302654","https://openalex.org/W2909292961","https://openalex.org/W2945111379","https://openalex.org/W2951051324","https://openalex.org/W2963751414","https://openalex.org/W2987360085","https://openalex.org/W2995898670","https://openalex.org/W3003838261","https://openalex.org/W3022336857","https://openalex.org/W3035731588","https://openalex.org/W3037343293","https://openalex.org/W3037564611","https://openalex.org/W3121661546","https://openalex.org/W4285134509","https://openalex.org/W4285209026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036827782","https://openalex.org/W2951194758","https://openalex.org/W2356087891","https://openalex.org/W2553152692","https://openalex.org/W2183514925","https://openalex.org/W2348439329","https://openalex.org/W2373336158","https://openalex.org/W2080625741","https://openalex.org/W2380813538","https://openalex.org/W4377241632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Severe":[0],"contrast":[1],"degradation":[2],"in":[3,7,23,31,65,129,162],"an":[4,66],"image":[5,18,55,67],"result":[6,111],"a":[8],"substantial":[9],"loss":[10],"of":[11,81,88,153,165],"crucial":[12],"visible":[13],"information.":[14],"A":[15,174],"novel":[16,97],"unsupervised":[17,151],"enhancement":[19],"algorithm":[20,50,137,156],"is":[21,91,178],"proposed":[22,49,155],"this":[24,36],"paper":[25],"to":[26,42,52,57,93,183],"unravel":[27],"hidden":[28],"visual":[29],"details":[30],"perceptually":[32],"invisible":[33],"images.":[34],"In":[35],"paper,":[37],"new":[38],"algorithms":[39],"are":[40,70,106,143],"designed":[41],"solve":[43],"the":[44,54,79,100,114,154,163,184],"range":[45,56,69],"localization":[46],"problem.":[47],"The":[48,108,135,150],"intends":[51],"expand":[53],"maximize":[58],"its":[59],"intensity":[60,68],"level":[61],"utilization.":[62],"Outliers":[63],"present":[64],"truncated":[71,89],"based":[72],"on":[73,78],"their":[74],"power":[75],"distribution.":[76],"Based":[77],"type":[80],"input":[82],"image,":[83],"maxima-minima,":[84],"or":[85],"frequency-based":[86],"expansion":[87],"levels,":[90],"exercised":[92],"avoid":[94],"over-enhancement.":[95,119],"Two":[96],"parameters,":[98],"namely":[99],"transmission":[101],"map":[102],"and":[103,117,132,147,171,180],"zero-frequency":[104],"spread,":[105],"coined.":[107],"visually":[109],"enhanced":[110],"successfully":[112],"exhibits":[113],"camouflaged":[115],"information":[116],"avoids":[118],"Consumer":[120],"gadgets,":[121],"such":[122],"as":[123],"cameras,":[124],"have":[125],"difficulty":[126],"taking":[127],"pictures":[128],"very":[130,145],"dark":[131,146],"cloudy":[133],"settings.":[134],"suggested":[136],"can":[138],"improve":[139],"low-contrast":[140],"photos":[141],"that":[142],"both":[144],"severely":[148],"attenuated.":[149],"nature":[152],"makes":[157],"it":[158],"suitable":[159],"for":[160,187],"application":[161],"field":[164],"consumer":[166],"electronics":[167],"like":[168],"mobile":[169],"phones":[170],"digital":[172],"cameras.":[173],"consumer-focused,":[175],"platform-independent":[176],"app":[177],"created":[179],"made":[181],"available":[182],"general":[185],"public":[186],"additional":[188],"study.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}