{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285221302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2022.3190384","title":"Crowd Counting by Using Top-k Relations: A Mixed Ground-Truth CNN Framework","display_name":"Crowd Counting by Using Top-k Relations: A Mixed Ground-Truth CNN Framework","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285221302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2022.3190384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2022.3190384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2022.3190384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659915","display_name":"Dong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-0295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458457","display_name":"Haijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-0227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420874","display_name":"Kai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-7480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048409282","display_name":"Dongliang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-8597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-8597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101997806","display_name":"Jianyang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-6058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049838944","display_name":"Jianghong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-3584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianghong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-3584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98050208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"3","first_page":"307","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5582178831100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5196210741996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.45409175753593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45015543699264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4417642652988434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4320884346961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.42358097434043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.41660842299461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36396098136901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3435116112232208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.33437079191207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.22091639041900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.17307257652282715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5582178831100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5196210741996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.45409175753593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45015543699264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4417642652988434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4320884346961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.42358097434043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.41660842299461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36396098136901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3435116112232208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.33437079191207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.22091639041900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.17307257652282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2022.3190384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2022.3190384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2896775341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20210324131203009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G31233193","display_name":"\u5927\u6570\u636e\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u670d\u52a1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61832004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4107755031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021B1515020088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5840073679","display_name":"\u5185\u5bb9\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u89c6\u94fe\u5b66\u4e60\u53ca\u4f18\u5316\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1910776219","https://openalex.org/W2026332379","https://openalex.org/W2115414933","https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2517615595","https://openalex.org/W2741077351","https://openalex.org/W2884960332","https://openalex.org/W2886443245","https://openalex.org/W2895051362","https://openalex.org/W2963035940","https://openalex.org/W2963693541","https://openalex.org/W2963893037","https://openalex.org/W2964209782","https://openalex.org/W2967069910","https://openalex.org/W2969620138","https://openalex.org/W2981918755","https://openalex.org/W2982007926","https://openalex.org/W2982014038","https://openalex.org/W2982130202","https://openalex.org/W2995582330","https://openalex.org/W3004672782","https://openalex.org/W3010208964","https://openalex.org/W3015469128","https://openalex.org/W3017001049","https://openalex.org/W3027606690","https://openalex.org/W3034785991","https://openalex.org/W3035925134","https://openalex.org/W3084883754","https://openalex.org/W3092787802","https://openalex.org/W3097305524","https://openalex.org/W3119860245","https://openalex.org/W3126181914","https://openalex.org/W3128401974","https://openalex.org/W3129372643","https://openalex.org/W3168233760","https://openalex.org/W3174519905","https://openalex.org/W3176458063","https://openalex.org/W3190723141","https://openalex.org/W3192782181","https://openalex.org/W3203845557","https://openalex.org/W3210983250","https://openalex.org/W4226141461","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6681368121","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6783507135","https://openalex.org/W6785789763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W4234874385","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W3011538607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowd":[0],"counting":[1,29],"has":[2],"important":[3],"applications":[4],"in":[5,50,162,192,216],"the":[6,45,69,95,105,116,125,151,155,158,163,181,187,193,206],"environments":[7],"of":[8,208],"smart":[9],"cities,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,56,62,122],"intelligent":[13],"surveillance.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"we":[18,113],"propose":[19],"a":[20,51,138,173],"novel":[21],"convolutional":[22],"neural":[23],"network":[24,42],"(CNN)":[25],"framework":[26],"for":[27,59,134],"crowd":[28],"with":[30,107,142,189],"mixed":[31],"ground-truth,":[32],"called":[33],"top-":[34,77,96,126,164,194],"<inline-formula":[35,78,97,127,165,195],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[36,79,98,128,166,196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[37,80,99,129,167,197],"<tex-math":[38,81,100,130,168,198],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k$":[39,82,101,131,169,199],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[40,83,102,132,170,200],"relation-based":[41],"(TKRNet).":[43],"Specifically,":[44,112],"estimated":[46],"density":[47],"maps":[48],"generated":[49],"coarse-to-fine":[52],"manner":[53],"are":[54],"treated":[55],"coarse":[57],"locations":[58],"crowds":[60],"so":[61,121],"to":[63,67,89,123,149,179,186,218],"assist":[64],"our":[65,209],"TKRNet":[66,211],"regress":[68],"scattered":[70],"point-annotated":[71],"ground":[72],"truth.":[73],"Moreover,":[74],"an":[75,108,143],"adaptive":[76,109,144],"relation":[84],"module":[85],"(ATRM)":[86],"is":[87,147,177],"proposed":[88,148,210],"enhance":[90],"feature":[91],"representations":[92],"by":[93],"leveraging":[94],"dependencies":[103],"between":[104,118],"pixels":[106,120],"filtering":[110,145],"mechanism.":[111],"first":[114],"compute":[115],"similarity":[117],"two":[119],"select":[124],"relations":[133],"each":[135],"position.":[136],"Then,":[137],"weight":[139,174],"normalization":[140],"operation":[141],"mechanism":[146,176],"make":[150,180],"ATRM":[152,182],"adaptively":[153],"eliminate":[154],"influence":[156],"from":[157],"low":[159],"correlation":[160],"positions":[161,188],"relations.":[171,201],"Finally,":[172],"attention":[175,185],"introduced":[178],"pay":[183],"more":[184],"high":[190],"weights":[191],"Extensive":[202],"experimental":[203],"results":[204],"demonstrate":[205],"effectiveness":[207],"on":[212],"several":[213],"public":[214],"datasets":[215],"comparison":[217],"state-of-the-art":[219],"methods.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
