{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151729265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2011.5735484","title":"Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring: Review and outlook","display_name":"Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring: Review and outlook","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151729265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2011.5735484","mag":"2151729265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2011.5735484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2011.5735484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082457710","display_name":"Michael Zeifman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2018-257X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131592","display_name":"Fraunhofer USA Center for Sustainable Energy Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3jbs89","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131592","https://openalex.org/I4210161623","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Zeifman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Member; Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Member; Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131592"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068402452","display_name":"Kurt Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7313-8530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131592","display_name":"Fraunhofer USA Center for Sustainable Energy Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3jbs89","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131592","https://openalex.org/I4210161623","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131592"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131592"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":40.2779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":806,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99875412,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"76","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5329761505126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.5305616855621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48484647274017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.46946775913238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.45803454518318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.43540093302726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.43162184953689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.41701364517211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4106805920600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3795221149921417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3663654327392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3631112277507782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3414587378501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.3334140181541443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5329761505126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.5305616855621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48484647274017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.46946775913238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.45803454518318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43540093302726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43162184953689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.41701364517211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4106805920600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3795221149921417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3663654327392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3631112277507782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3414587378501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3334140181541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tce.2011.5735484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2011.5735484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126824455","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","issn_l":"0098-3063","issn":["0098-3063","1558-4127"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/224955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/224955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536719366","https://openalex.org/W1544864210","https://openalex.org/W1575597416","https://openalex.org/W1959039269","https://openalex.org/W1964711536","https://openalex.org/W1981673219","https://openalex.org/W2010314082","https://openalex.org/W2010407900","https://openalex.org/W2025423356","https://openalex.org/W2045247177","https://openalex.org/W2047861906","https://openalex.org/W2048826650","https://openalex.org/W2059774060","https://openalex.org/W2062707341","https://openalex.org/W2066006804","https://openalex.org/W2075901867","https://openalex.org/W2100955315","https://openalex.org/W2108281209","https://openalex.org/W2111778016","https://openalex.org/W2116109972","https://openalex.org/W2117139268","https://openalex.org/W2117995571","https://openalex.org/W2120122927","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2131634249","https://openalex.org/W2133550388","https://openalex.org/W2136656579","https://openalex.org/W2136969824","https://openalex.org/W2144445501","https://openalex.org/W2148161451","https://openalex.org/W2152048686","https://openalex.org/W2152615204","https://openalex.org/W2158678657","https://openalex.org/W2160782793","https://openalex.org/W2161708246","https://openalex.org/W2162298452","https://openalex.org/W2170014209","https://openalex.org/W2317255732","https://openalex.org/W2532973928","https://openalex.org/W6634499289","https://openalex.org/W6662319118","https://openalex.org/W6662471123","https://openalex.org/W6682111309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186848359","https://openalex.org/W2311528424","https://openalex.org/W2948732017","https://openalex.org/W2976797014","https://openalex.org/W1968767884","https://openalex.org/W2150802979","https://openalex.org/W2356819012","https://openalex.org/W2008521473","https://openalex.org/W2977117508","https://openalex.org/W1989602663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Consumer":[0],"systems":[1,12,52],"for":[2,53],"home":[3],"energy":[4,9],"management":[5],"can":[6],"provide":[7],"significant":[8],"saving.":[10],"Such":[11],"may":[13],"be":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16],"nonintrusive":[17],"appliance":[18,25],"load":[19],"monitoring":[20],"(NIALM),":[21],"in":[22,55],"which":[23],"individual":[24],"power":[26],"consumption":[27],"information":[28],"is":[29],"disaggregated":[30],"from":[31],"single-point":[32],"measurements.":[33],"The":[34],"disaggregation":[35],"methods":[36],"constitute":[37],"the":[38,48],"most":[39],"important":[40],"part":[41],"of":[42,50],"NIALM":[43,54],"systems.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"reviews":[47],"methodology":[49],"consumer":[51],"residential":[56],"buildings.":[57]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
